Appletons' annual cyclopædia and register of important events of the year .. . -cold currents from both sides ofGreenland. On the side where the warm wa-ter flows in is found little ice and an early sea-son. Near the outlets from Behring Straits,eastward to Banks Land, and thence to Ire-lands Eye, is found the heaviest ice; but, aslight ice has been observed along the coast ofthe Parry Islands, it most be inferred that pro-tecting land exists to the northward. He doesnot express any decided opinion as to whetheran open sea extends up to or across the pole,although he inclines to the belief tha
Appletons' annual cyclopædia and register of important events of the year .. . -cold currents from both sides ofGreenland. On the side where the warm wa-ter flows in is found little ice and an early sea-son. Near the outlets from Behring Straits,eastward to Banks Land, and thence to Ire-lands Eye, is found the heaviest ice; but, aslight ice has been observed along the coast ofthe Parry Islands, it most be inferred that pro-tecting land exists to the northward. He doesnot express any decided opinion as to whetheran open sea extends up to or across the pole,although he inclines to the belief that a broadopening north of Cape Columbia extends asfar as the pole. In winter the polar basinseems to be filled with compact masses of ice, the thinner portions of which are melted inthe summer. In that season the separatedfloes are swayed backward and forward bythe winds and currents, which tend mainlytoward the outlets, and small portions aredriven out through the channels. About theend of September the lanes and pools betweenthe huge bulks of ice, which have been jostling. POLAR BEAR. and crushing against each other all the summer,begin to be closed up by the young ice, whichforms during the winter to the thickness ofabout seven feet, cementing the moving moun-tains together into a stationary pack. SirGeorge Nares calculates that only an insignifi-cant portion of the polar ice can escape throughthe outlet channels, while the great masses ofice locked in may have an age of centuries. , in commenting on the expedition,thinks that Nares has established the impossi-bility of navigating the Smith Sound approachbeyond controversy, but believes that an opensea surrounds the pole, which can be enteredby the Franz Josef Land route, or, better still,by the East Greenland route. Throughoutthe summer the coast of East Greenland is al-most free from ice, and even in winter thereis a strong outward flow. The immense massesof ice which escape through the broad openingbetween Ea
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, bookidappletonsann, bookyear1876
