. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering Demersal fish 1021 I ? 1958) rose rapidly in this period and reached their peak in 1960-62, ranging between 421,000 and 554,000 mt annually. The third period of the Japanese fishery (1964 to the present) is primarily characterized by the develop- ment of the pollock fishery (Fig. 60-3). With a decline in abundance of yellowfin sole (apparently due to overfishing in the early 1960's) and the development in 1964 of techniques for processing minced fish (surimi) on
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering Demersal fish 1021 I ? 1958) rose rapidly in this period and reached their peak in 1960-62, ranging between 421,000 and 554,000 mt annually. The third period of the Japanese fishery (1964 to the present) is primarily characterized by the develop- ment of the pollock fishery (Fig. 60-3). With a decline in abundance of yellowfin sole (apparently due to overfishing in the early 1960's) and the development in 1964 of techniques for processing minced fish (surimi) on motherships and large inde- pendent trawlers, the main Japanese effort shifted to pollock. Meal and frozen fish became by-products of the surimi operations. Pollock has dominated Japan- ese catches since 1963, and from 1970 to 1978 formed over 80 percent of the total Japanese catches of demersal species in the eastern Bering Sea. The effort of the Japanese fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea has generally increased since 1964 and has remained at a high level through 1978 (Table 60-5). Although some types of gear have been phased out of the fisheries (side trawls in 1973 and gillnets in 1978), and the effort by pair trawls and Danish seines has declined in the 1970's, increases in effort by stern trawlers in the mothership. North Pacific and landbased trawl fisheries, and longline vessels have probably compensated for these declines. Effort by landbased trawlers in the eastern Bering Sea increased sharply in 1977 (Table 60-5). This increase stemmed from restrictions placed on Japanese trawlers in the Soviet 200-mile fishery zone. Effort by stern trawl- ers in the mothership and North Pacific trawl fisheries and by longliners in the North Pacific longline-gillnet fishery reached a peak in 1978. Although most of the effort by Japan in the eastern Bering Sea is for pollock, target fisheries have continued for such species as yellowfin Figure 60-3. Large catch of pollock take
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