. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. i) Part-raised atoll (lagoon enclosed) lagoon new reef eg. Pearl and Hermes Reef, Hawaiian Is. eg. Gardner Atoll, Hawaiian Is. eg. Swains I, north of Samoa j) Raised atoll (dried out lagoon) k) Raised atoll (atoll form lost) t^-^J ini Basaltic core that was initially a volcanic island. eg. Nauru, Gilbert Is. eg. Niue, east of Tonga Is. Reef fades produced during stable or submergence phases Reef developed during or following emergence phase Figure 3. Island types on the Pacific lithospheric plate. Arrows indic
. Atoll research bulletin. Coral reefs and islands; Marine biology; Marine sciences. i) Part-raised atoll (lagoon enclosed) lagoon new reef eg. Pearl and Hermes Reef, Hawaiian Is. eg. Gardner Atoll, Hawaiian Is. eg. Swains I, north of Samoa j) Raised atoll (dried out lagoon) k) Raised atoll (atoll form lost) t^-^J ini Basaltic core that was initially a volcanic island. eg. Nauru, Gilbert Is. eg. Niue, east of Tonga Is. Reef fades produced during stable or submergence phases Reef developed during or following emergence phase Figure 3. Island types on the Pacific lithospheric plate. Arrows indicate relative vertical motion- Modified from Wiens (1962) and Leont'yev et al. (1975). g) Inundated atoll. In this type the annular reef sand bars only project above sea level at low tide. Examples of this include Pearl and Hermes reef in the Hawaiian Islands and Suvorov Atoll in the Cook group. Inundation of this typical atoll form may be due to, 1) deterioration of reef growing conditions followed by wave planation, 2) lack of time for the reef to regrow to wave level following subaerial erosion during Pleistocene low sea level stands and then rapid post glacial eustatic rise, or 3) a rate of subsidence too rapid for reef buildup to keep pace. h) Part raised atoll with open lagoon. This type has the form of a regular atoll but has been raised only a few meters with the lagoon remaining tidal. An example of this is Gardner Atoll in the Hawaiian chain. Early reports that some of these raised reefs are due to 120,000 BP. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution. Press; National Research Council (U. S. ). Pacific Science Board; Smithsonian Institution; National Museum of Natural History (U. S. ); United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Washington, D. C. : [Smithsoni
Size: 2497px × 1001px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauth, bookauthorsmithsonianinstitutionpress, bookcentury1900
