Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . in diameter. D, isolated starch grains, which are to mm. in diameter. E, field showing starch grains and crystalsof calcium oxalate under polarized light. Description.—Rhizome horizontal (Fig. 253), nearly cylindrical,somewhat tortuous, usually cut longitudinally into pieces 5 to 12cm. in length, 7 to 15 mm. in diameter; externally grayish-brown,longitudinally furrowed, slightly annulate, with
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . in diameter. D, isolated starch grains, which are to mm. in diameter. E, field showing starch grains and crystalsof calcium oxalate under polarized light. Description.—Rhizome horizontal (Fig. 253), nearly cylindrical,somewhat tortuous, usually cut longitudinally into pieces 5 to 12cm. in length, 7 to 15 mm. in diameter; externally grayish-brown,longitudinally furrowed, slightly annulate, with numerous circular 594 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY stem-scars about 5 mm. in diameter, under portion with root-scarsand root-remnants; fracture short, mealy; internally whitish or lightgrayish-brown, bark 1 mm. or less in thickness, wood slightly radiate,pith rather large, horny; odor slight; taste starchy, sweetish, acrid. The roots, which are attached to the rhizome or in separate pieces,are cylindrical, tapering, varying in diameter from 2 to 10 mm.,longitudinally wrinkled, and marked by lenticular, whitish areas,resembling lenticels. Inner Structure.—See Fig. Fig. 254.—Scopolamine hydrobromide: Crystal aggregates from an alcoholic solution. Constituents.—About per cent of total alkaloids, includingatropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine (hyoscine). Scopolamineis official as a hydrobromide (Fig. 254), and exists in the drug to theextent of per cent. Scopolamine decomposes into scopoline andatropic acid when treated with boiling baryta water. Scopolineresembles tropine, a principle formed from atropine and hyoscyamine,when similarly treated. Scopolia Leaves (Fig. 252) are used in medicine like belladonnaleaves, and are said to be sometimes admixed with them. They areobovate, slightly acuminate, and taper gradually into the rather longpetiole. The calyx lobes are relatively short, and the capsular HENBANE 595 fruit (pyxis) is almost completely enc
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, bookpublishernewyo, bookyear1920
