. Bats of Portugal : zoogeography and systematics. Bats -- Portugal. Fig. 29. Side view of the upper incisors of A) Pipistrellus pipistrellus, B) P. nathusii, and C) P. kuhlii showing relative differences in size and position between the Fig. 30. Schematic representation of the carpal joints of Pipistrellus pipistrellus (left) and P. nathusii (right). Note the proportionally shorter thumb of P. pipistrellus. 1'. Anteriormost upper premolar small but well- developed; dorsal profile of skull concave ... 2 2. Second upper premolar and canine in contact or separated by a narrow gap; first
. Bats of Portugal : zoogeography and systematics. Bats -- Portugal. Fig. 29. Side view of the upper incisors of A) Pipistrellus pipistrellus, B) P. nathusii, and C) P. kuhlii showing relative differences in size and position between the Fig. 30. Schematic representation of the carpal joints of Pipistrellus pipistrellus (left) and P. nathusii (right). Note the proportionally shorter thumb of P. pipistrellus. 1'. Anteriormost upper premolar small but well- developed; dorsal profile of skull concave ... 2 2. Second upper premolar and canine in contact or separated by a narrow gap; first upper incisor apparently unicuspid and twice as long as second (Fig. 29); first and second upper in- cisors positioned on same plane P. kuhlii (p. 32) 2'. Second upper premolar and canine widely separated; first upper incisor with two well- developed cusps and less than twice the length of second (Fig. 29); first upper incisor slightly posterior to second 3 3. Clear gap between I2 and I3 (Fig. 31); second upper incisor usually higher than secondary cusp of first (Fig. 29); condylobasal length usually over 12 mm P. nathusii (p. 31) 3'. No gap between I2 and I3 (Fig. 31); second upper incisor usually lower than secondary cusp of first (Fig. 29); condylobasal length usually under 12 mm ...P. pipistrellus (p. 30) 3. Thumb much shorter than the breadth of car- pal joint (Fig. 30); fifth digit usually under 43 mm P. pipistrellus (p. 30) 3'. Thumb almost as long as the breadth of carpal joint (Fig. 30); fifth digit usually about 46 mm P. nathusii (p. 31) Based on Cranial Fig. 31. Lower incisors and canines of Pipistrellus 1. Anteriormost upper premolar vestigial or ab- nathusii (left) and P. pipistrellus (right) showing the sent; dorsal profile of skull Straight presence of a gap between ^ and I3 in P. nathusii. P. savii (p. 33) Modified from Hanak and Gaisler (1976).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanc
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