. Outlines of nineteenth century history. ey found the city pla-carded with proclamations an-nouncing the dissolution of theAssembly and outlining the mainarticles of a new constitution,which was to be at once submittedto the people for approval. The Presidents appeal to thepeople to indorse what he had donemet with a most extraordinary re-sponse. By a majority of almostseven million votes5 the nationapproved the Presidents coupdetat and rewarded him for it byextending his term of office to ten years. This was in effect therevival of the Consulate of 1799. The next year Louis Napoleonwas made
. Outlines of nineteenth century history. ey found the city pla-carded with proclamations an-nouncing the dissolution of theAssembly and outlining the mainarticles of a new constitution,which was to be at once submittedto the people for approval. The Presidents appeal to thepeople to indorse what he had donemet with a most extraordinary re-sponse. By a majority of almostseven million votes5 the nationapproved the Presidents coupdetat and rewarded him for it byextending his term of office to ten years. This was in effect therevival of the Consulate of 1799. The next year Louis Napoleonwas made Emperor, and took the title of Napoleon III (1852). The secret of Louis Napoleons success in his coup detat wasin part the fear that prevailed of the renewal of the Terror of 1793,and in part the magic power of the name he bore. At just thistime the name Napoleon was in France a name to conjure had been growing up a Napoleonic legend. Time hadidealized the founder of the First Empire. 5 The exact vote was 7,481,216 to 684, Fig. —Napoleon III (After a portrait by F. Winter- halter) THE SECOND EMPIRE l5 As the Second and the Third Republic were simply revivalsand continuations of the First Republic, so was the Second Em-pire merely the revival and continuation of the First Empire. Itwas virtually the same in origin, in spirit, and in policy. Louis Napoleon had declared that the Empire meant it meant anything except that. The pages of its history arefilled with the records of wars. There were three important onesin which the armies of the Empire took part, — the Crimean War(1853-185 6), the Austro-Sardinian War (1859), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). The first two of these wars need not detain us at this time,since we shall speak of them later in connection with Russian andItalian All that need be said here is that in each of themLouis Napoleon greatly enhanced his prestige throughout Europe. The real cause of the third war, the
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