. The expression of the emotions in man and animals . Fig. 12. Hen driving away a dog from her chickens. Drawn from life by Mr. Wood. preached instantly swells out its plumage, extends its wings and tail, hisses and clacks its mandibles with force and rapidity. ^* So do other kinds of , as I am informed by Mr. Jenner Weir, likewiseruffle their feathers, and spread out their wings and tail *^ Phaeton ruhricauda : Ibis, vol. iii. 18G1, p. 180. *?* On the Strix flammea, Audubon, Ornithological Biography,18G4, vol. ii. p. 407. I have observed other cases in the ZoologicalGardens. Chap. I
. The expression of the emotions in man and animals . Fig. 12. Hen driving away a dog from her chickens. Drawn from life by Mr. Wood. preached instantly swells out its plumage, extends its wings and tail, hisses and clacks its mandibles with force and rapidity. ^* So do other kinds of , as I am informed by Mr. Jenner Weir, likewiseruffle their feathers, and spread out their wings and tail *^ Phaeton ruhricauda : Ibis, vol. iii. 18G1, p. 180. *?* On the Strix flammea, Audubon, Ornithological Biography,18G4, vol. ii. p. 407. I have observed other cases in the ZoologicalGardens. Chap. IV. m ANIMALS, 99 under similar circumstances. Some kinds of parrotserect their feathers; and I have seen this action in theCassowary, when angered at the sight of an cuckoos in the nest, raise their feathers, opentheir mouths widely, and make themselves as frightfulas Fig. 13. Swan driving away an intruder. Drawn from life hy Mr. Wood, Small birds, also, as I hear from Mr. Weir, suchas various finches, buntings and warblers, when angry,ruffle all their feathers, or only those round theneck; or they spread out their wings and their plumage in this state, they rush at eachother with open beaks and threatening gestures. concludes from his large experience that theerection of the feathers is caused mucli more by angerthan by fear. He gives as an instance a hybrid gold- H 2 100 MEANS OF EXPKESSION Char IV. fincli of a most irascible disposition, which when ap-proached too closely by a servant, instantly assumesthe appearance of a ball of ruffled feathers. He be-lieves that birds when frightened, as a general rule,closely adpress all their feathers, and their consequentlydiminished size is often astonishing. As soon as theyrecover from their fear or surprise, the first thingwhich they do is to shake out their feathers. Thebest
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