. Canadian forest industries January-June 1920. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. The iron horse and its load entail a great amount of road work, as the logs arc usually "twitched" or hauled to the yards on a jumper. A jumper is a sled with wooden runners, and is usually hewn out and built by the shanty mechanic. The end of the log is supported on this sled, the bark is hewn from the lower side of the end of the log which comes in con- tact with the ground or snow and the logs are hauled by this method to the yards. The roads
. Canadian forest industries January-June 1920. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. The iron horse and its load entail a great amount of road work, as the logs arc usually "twitched" or hauled to the yards on a jumper. A jumper is a sled with wooden runners, and is usually hewn out and built by the shanty mechanic. The end of the log is supported on this sled, the bark is hewn from the lower side of the end of the log which comes in con- tact with the ground or snow and the logs are hauled by this method to the yards. The roads follow the line of least resistence and no great effort is made in clearing the roadway, as only sufficient un- derbrush is cleared to enable the horse or team to pass through. The logs are cut and yarded in the fall or early winter before the snow is too deep. In the meantime a crew of "swampers" are kept very busy clearing the main logging road which follows along the bank of the stream, to a point where the stream forks with some other tributary, or to where the stream is sufficiently large to en- able the logs to be floated to the The roadway is cleared ordinarily about 15 feet w ide, trees are cut down low at the stump, water holes are skidded (bridged), the knolls are cleared away and all underbrush removed. The road ter- minates at the landing, at some point where the banks are suitable for placing the logs. The banks are cleared and the trees are felled to make a skidway, upon which the logs are rolled and left until the spring thaw, when they are floated to the mill. After sufficient snow has fallen to make good hauling, "the road is ; This means that teams are driven over the road for a few trips with only the light sleds; after the snow is packed to a certain extent, light loads of logs are hauled over the road with the rear part of the load dragging. This packs the snow and levels the knolls so that the roadway improves rapidly. A l
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