. The world's inhabitants; or, Mankind, animals, and plants; being a popular account of the races and nations of mankind, past and present, and the animals and plants inhabiting the great continents and principal islands. CAUCASIAN AND GEOltGlAN. THE CAUCASIANS, GEORGIANS, LESGHIANS, ETC. 459 tribes up to tlie foot of tlie mountains. No Roman army ever pene-trated so far. The liardy tribes preserved their independence both otRussia and Turkey till this century, although not infrequently overrunby invaders such as Timor and Nadir Shah. After having annexedOeorgia, in 1801, the Russians always a
. The world's inhabitants; or, Mankind, animals, and plants; being a popular account of the races and nations of mankind, past and present, and the animals and plants inhabiting the great continents and principal islands. CAUCASIAN AND GEOltGlAN. THE CAUCASIANS, GEORGIANS, LESGHIANS, ETC. 459 tribes up to tlie foot of tlie mountains. No Roman army ever pene-trated so far. The liardy tribes preserved their independence both otRussia and Turkey till this century, although not infrequently overrunby invaders such as Timor and Nadir Shah. After having annexedOeorgia, in 1801, the Russians always aimed at the complete subjugationof Caucasia. In 1829 the Turks ceded to them their nominal suzeraintyover the Caucasus tribes, and from that time till 1859 the Russians wereunremitting in tlieii efforts to break down the hardy mountaineers. Theysacrificed immense numbers of lives in conquering small portions of the. TSCHERKESS DRIDES EIDE. Caucasus ; and when they hoped that their efforts were nearly successful,the celebrated Schamyl (born 1797) arose and roused theLesghians to new feats of resistance. His own marvelloussuccesses and escapes long baffled the Russians. The Lesgliians, however,were completely subdued in 1859, when Schamyl was made Russianprisoner. The last of the Caucasian tribes was subjugated in ; but the people, rather than remain under their conquerors, emi-grated almost wholesale, to different provinces of Turkey. The totalnumber of emigrants approached half a million, and they left a territoryof nearly 200 miles, between the Caucasus and the Black Sea, almost ? 46o THE INHABITANTS OF ASIA. uninhabited ; a significant proof of bitter racial antagonism between theRussians and their victims. This, one of the most remarkable emigrations of modern times, de-serves more than a passing notice. As Reclus well says, the chain ofWholesale history has been roughly snapped
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