California mines and minerals . e fully developed, a gentle stream of water from 130 CALIFORNIA MINES AND MINERALS a tup is allowed to flow over it to wash off the turpentine. If alloperations have been conducted rightly, a very delicate and perfectpicture in asphaltum is the result. Anticlines, synclines, monoclines, centroclines and quaquaversals,and also faults, exert a great influence in the accumulations of gas,petroleum oil and water. Especially is this true in California, wherethe dips and undulations along the strike of the anticline are exposedand well defined. Although a description
California mines and minerals . e fully developed, a gentle stream of water from 130 CALIFORNIA MINES AND MINERALS a tup is allowed to flow over it to wash off the turpentine. If alloperations have been conducted rightly, a very delicate and perfectpicture in asphaltum is the result. Anticlines, synclines, monoclines, centroclines and quaquaversals,and also faults, exert a great influence in the accumulations of gas,petroleum oil and water. Especially is this true in California, wherethe dips and undulations along the strike of the anticline are exposedand well defined. Although a description of the different inclinations and curva-tures of strata would seem elemental, a thorough knowledge of theeffect of these inclinations is necessary for an understanding of thelaws governing the accumulations of bitumen in California. In theEastern States the slopes of the domes frequently do not exceedtwenty feet to a mile, whereas in California the strata stand at a verysteep angle with the horizon, frequently being jfij. 1.—PLANO-SECTION SHOWING INCLINATIONS. When a group of strata is bent into a curve like a saddle, withits convexity turned towards the earth, it is called an anticlinalcurve. Such a condition of strata is shown in Fig. 1 above the wordanticline. A synclinal curve is exactly the opposite of an anti-clinal curve. When the strata is folded or curved, so as to form atrough, the concave side of which is turned from the earth, it iscalled a synclinal curve. This is shown in Fig. 1 above the wordsyncline. In both anticlines and synclines, the line in each bed,along which the change in the direction of the dip takes place, iscalled the anticlinal or synclinal axis of that bed, and the planescontaining all the axis of an anticlinal ridge, or a synclinal trough. THE GENESIS OF PETROLEUM AND ASPHALTUM 131 are called axis planes. The axis plane usually approaches and synclines frequently nose out, or coalesce. When an anticline undula
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