. QST . ^ il/B (motorboat-ing) is shown on the water vapor curve. Superrefraction occurs with either (1) a tem-perature inversion exceeding ° centigrade per100 feet or (2) a rate of decrease of water vai)orexceeding gram per kg. per 100 feet.^ 16 QST for u, 8,000 (4 3). (38) \ \ (22),- jsjr. \ ()VC23)«- VsaT WATER VAPOR (7 9)\(7 2). TEMPERATURE - 5 O 5 10 i5 20TEMPERATURE i°C) Fig. 3 — Upper-air conditions at the eastern end ofthe W9EOC-W2NLY path are shown by this soundingmade at Albany, N. Y., on September 6, 1950, at 2200EST. Superrefraction at 4000 feet altitude is indicatedby th
. QST . ^ il/B (motorboat-ing) is shown on the water vapor curve. Superrefraction occurs with either (1) a tem-perature inversion exceeding ° centigrade per100 feet or (2) a rate of decrease of water vai)orexceeding gram per kg. per 100 feet.^ 16 QST for u, 8,000 (4 3). (38) \ \ (22),- jsjr. \ ()VC23)«- VsaT WATER VAPOR (7 9)\(7 2). TEMPERATURE - 5 O 5 10 i5 20TEMPERATURE i°C) Fig. 3 — Upper-air conditions at the eastern end ofthe W9EOC-W2NLY path are shown by this soundingmade at Albany, N. Y., on September 6, 1950, at 2200EST. Superrefraction at 4000 feet altitude is indicatedby the water-vapor curve. >- 4,000 •2,000 (32), (3S) TEMPERATURE (24)x-- - 5 0 5 10 15 20 25TEMPERATURE (C) Fig. 5 — Conditiong at the eastern end of theW4nnK-W3NKM OSO are sho^vn by this soundingmade at Pittsburgh, Penna., on October 30, 1950, at2200 EST. The rate of decrease of water vapor withheight beginning around 2000 feet altitude is about 75per cent greater than needed for TEMPERATURE 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TEMPERATURE (C) Fig. 4 — Some idea of the upper-air conditions atCollierville, Tcnn., can be gained from this up[>cr-airsoundinfr made at Nashville, Tenn., on October 30, 1950,at 2200 EST. The water-vapor gradient at 5000 feet wasmore than four times that necossarv for superrefractionwhen Vi4irirK worked \\3NK M, Pittsburgh, Penna. In Fig. 2, the temperature at the inversion ABis seen to increase from 13°C to 18°C throughan altitude difference of 800 feet. The gradient istherefore (18-13)/8 = °C per 100 feet and isinsufficient for superrefraction. At CD on thewater-vapor curve, there is a decrease from per kilogram to grams per kilogramthrough an altitude difference of -100 feet. Thegradient is ()/4 = grams per kilogramper 100 feet, giving us a level of superrefraction. Now lets see how some soundings check outwith various 2-meter band openings. On the evening of September 6, 1950, W2NLY,Oak Tree, New Jersey, wo
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectradio, bookyear1915
