Archive image from page 43 of Current herpetology (2000). Current herpetology currentherpeto2012001niho Year: 2000 ( 42 Current Herpetol. 20(1) 2001 o 0) O 0 E 0 â D lb- 05 JD C (0 CO E E E Chemical cues Fig. 1. Mean number of tongue flicks made by hatchling Leioheterodon madagascariensis to cotton swabs bearing various chemical cues. Bars indicate ISE. were observed to the chemicals of cologne, invertebrates, fish, and newts. The mean of tongue flicks to the distilled water was moder- ately high (), but this was apparently due to a high response of one individual: if this indi- vidual
Archive image from page 43 of Current herpetology (2000). Current herpetology currentherpeto2012001niho Year: 2000 ( 42 Current Herpetol. 20(1) 2001 o 0) O 0 E 0 â D lb- 05 JD C (0 CO E E E Chemical cues Fig. 1. Mean number of tongue flicks made by hatchling Leioheterodon madagascariensis to cotton swabs bearing various chemical cues. Bars indicate ISE. were observed to the chemicals of cologne, invertebrates, fish, and newts. The mean of tongue flicks to the distilled water was moder- ately high (), but this was apparently due to a high response of one individual: if this indi- vidual was excluded from the calculation, the mean tongue flick to the distilled water dropped to No snakes attacked the stimuli. Discussion Available information on natural diets of L. madagascariensis suggests that this species is a generalist feeder, eating frogs, lizards, birds, and mammals (Preston-Mafham, 1991; Mori and Randriamahazo, in press). Chemicals from these animals elicited moderate to high tongue flick responses. It is suggested, therefore, that naive hatchlings can recognize, by chemical means, the food items utilized by this species in nature. In several species of snakes, newborns are known to respond to prey chemicals not only with increased tongue flicking but also by open-mouthed attack on the swab (Ford and Burghardt, 1993). The absence of attack in L. madagascariensis suggests that other stimuli, such as visual ones, may be indispensable to elicit prey attack in this species (Ford and Burghardt, 1993). Antipredator Response Test The aim of this experiment was to examine antipredator responses of neonate L. madagas- cariensis to various threatening stimuli and characterize the antipredator behaviors of this species.
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