. Bell telephone magazine . ly one-third ofa telephone per 100 population statis-tically speaking—as compared to 28per 100 population in the UnitedStates. Two-thirds of these tele-phones, moreover, were in Istanbuland Ankara, anci many villages andtowns were wholly without telephoneservice. The toll network covered the coun-try reasonably well, but most polelines carried only a single pair ofwires. The only possible connectionwith the outside world was through a3-channel carrier circuit to Sofia, Bul-garia; but because of political andmaintenance difficulties this link wasof little value. In A
. Bell telephone magazine . ly one-third ofa telephone per 100 population statis-tically speaking—as compared to 28per 100 population in the UnitedStates. Two-thirds of these tele-phones, moreover, were in Istanbuland Ankara, anci many villages andtowns were wholly without telephoneservice. The toll network covered the coun-try reasonably well, but most polelines carried only a single pair ofwires. The only possible connectionwith the outside world was through a3-channel carrier circuit to Sofia, Bul-garia; but because of political andmaintenance difficulties this link wasof little value. In Ankara alone therewere eight different types of tele-phone equipment in use, and fourtypes of carrier equipment were em-ployed on the single toll route be-tween Ankara and Istanbul. The service was extremely expen-sive : a new installation cost about ahundred dollars, including adv^ancepayment for a few months, and tollrates were about sixteen times thosein the United States. Despite this 200 Bell Telephone Magazine WINTER. A portrait oj the late Kemal Ataturk^ father of modern Turkey^ hangs behind the former Director General of Posts, Telephone, and Telegraph Ad)ninistration in Ankara as he and Mr. E. D. Wise met to discuss affairs through the young woman interpreter fact, there was a large unfilled de-mand for service, particularly in themajor cities of Istanbul and from the point of view of eco-nomic development of the countryand from that of potential militaryrequirements, strengthening and ex-pansion of the telephone systemseemed essential. The first major step in the selectionof the initial team to go to Turkeywas taken when Earl D. Wise, whohad just retired as vice president andgeneral manager of the Pacific Tele-phone and Telegraph CompanysWashington-Idaho Area with over40 years service, volunteered to actas its coordinator and was accepted 1953-54 Bell System Helps Turks 201 in this capacity by the Turkish Mis-sion and Early in 1951, Mr,Wise flew to
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