. Elementary and dental radiography / by Howard Riley Raper . -rays. Other factors remaining the same,the more penetrating the X-rays the shorter the exposure higher the vacuum of the tube up to a given point, the morepenetrating the rays from it. A low tube is useless for radiographicwork. (3) The distance of the plate from the tube. Other factorsremaining the same, the shorter the distance between the plate andthe tube the shorter the exposure necessary. (4) The thickness of thepart to be radiographed. Other factors remaining the same, the thickerthe part the longer the exposur
. Elementary and dental radiography / by Howard Riley Raper . -rays. Other factors remaining the same,the more penetrating the X-rays the shorter the exposure higher the vacuum of the tube up to a given point, the morepenetrating the rays from it. A low tube is useless for radiographicwork. (3) The distance of the plate from the tube. Other factorsremaining the same, the shorter the distance between the plate andthe tube the shorter the exposure necessary. (4) The thickness of thepart to be radiographed. Other factors remaining the same, the thickerthe part the longer the exposure necessary. (5) The density of the part 72 ELEMENTARY RADIOGRAPHY to be radiographed. Other factors remaining the same, the denser thepart the longer the exposure necessary. (6) The sensitiveness of theplate. Other factors remaining the same, the more sensitive the platethe shorter the exposure necessary. The product of some manufacturersis more sensitive than others. As a plate or film grows old it becomesless sensitive, finally becoming entirely Fig. 71. Radiograph of the hand, made from a pose similar to Fig. 70. (Reduced one-half.) It will be seen from the foregoing that so many things enter in forconsideration that the exact time of exposure cannot be stated with anydegree of clearness. Elaborate systems of calculation have been workedout so that if the distance of the tube from the plate, the penetration ofthe X-rays measured with a penetrometer, the milliamperage sent throughthe tube, and the thickness of the part be known, reference can be madeto a printed table and the exact time of exposure necessary commending such work as efforts along the right line, I considerthem failures so far as practical application in dental work is that in the calculation the density of the part and sensitiveness ofthe plate are not taken into account at all. MAKING RADIOGRAPHS 73 Each man must learn to properly time his exposure by personal ex-peri
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