. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. larged worker, pro-duced by Menu is parasit-ism and often presentingdinergate characters in thethorax and minute ocelli inthe head (Fig. 254, B, C). 25. The phthisergate,which corresponds to thephthisogyne and phthisaner,is a pupal worker, which inits late larval or semipupalstage has been attacked andpartially exhausted of itsjuices by an Orasema larva(Fig. 252, B and C). It is characterized by extreme stenonoty, microcephaly and microphthalmy, and is unable to pass on to the imaginal stage. It is in reality an infra-ergatoid form. 26. The gy
. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. larged worker, pro-duced by Menu is parasit-ism and often presentingdinergate characters in thethorax and minute ocelli inthe head (Fig. 254, B, C). 25. The phthisergate,which corresponds to thephthisogyne and phthisaner,is a pupal worker, which inits late larval or semipupalstage has been attacked andpartially exhausted of itsjuices by an Orasema larva(Fig. 252, B and C). It is characterized by extreme stenonoty, microcephaly and microphthalmy, and is unable to pass on to the imaginal stage. It is in reality an infra-ergatoid form. 26. The gynandromorph is an anomalous individual in which maleand female characters are combined in a blended or more often in amosaic manner (Figs. 64 and 65). 27. The ergatandromorph (Fig. 66) is an anomaly similar to the lastbut having worker instead of female characters combined with thoseof the male (Wheeler, 1903^). It is usually conceded that the fertilization or non-fertilization ofthe egg of the social Hymenopteron determines whether it shall give. FIG. 60. PhcidoJc borinquenensis of PortoRico. (Original.) a, Soldier; b, same in profile;c, worker. 1OO ANTS. rise- to a male or a female. And as the queen represents the typicalfemale form of the species, the problem of polymorphism is to accountfor the various worker forms, and those like the soldiers, pseudogynesand ergatoid females which are intermediate between the worker andthe queen. The ergatomorphic males are usually regarded as inheriting worker characters. Thus the problem ofpolymorphism centers in the. developmentof the worker. It must suffice in this t place to give the briefest possible state- ment of the views of the various authorswho have endeavored to account for thedevelopment of this caste. These authorsIB may be divided into three groups :i. Those who believe with Weismannthat the various castes are represented inthe egg by corresponding units (determi-nants). Fertilization is then regarded asthe stimulus which c
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectants, bookyear1910
