. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE No. 112^ Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O, Howard, Chief August 21, THE OAT APHIS.^ By J. J. Davis. Entomological Assistant, Cereal and Forage Inseet Investigations. INTRODUCTION. Of the three important plant-lice attacking wheat and oats above ground, the oat aphis {Aphis avencB Fab.)^ is probably the most widely distributed and most common over its area of distribution, and is second in importance as a wheat pest, first rank being held by the so-called "green bug" {Toxoptera gramin
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. BULLETIN OF THE No. 112^ Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O, Howard, Chief August 21, THE OAT APHIS.^ By J. J. Davis. Entomological Assistant, Cereal and Forage Inseet Investigations. INTRODUCTION. Of the three important plant-lice attacking wheat and oats above ground, the oat aphis {Aphis avencB Fab.)^ is probably the most widely distributed and most common over its area of distribution, and is second in importance as a wheat pest, first rank being held by the so-called "green bug" {Toxoptera graminum Eond.), a species well known in the Southwest because of its periodic depredations. Like the "green bug," the insect under discussion is an imported species, and was probably introduced into the United States during the first half of the last century, at least previous to 1851, the date of what appears to be the first published record of its occurrence in this country.^ The oat aphis has never been considered a pest of great importance, although observations would lead to the belief that it is worthy of more consideration and study. It does not ordinarily appear suddenly in great swarms as does the " green 1 This bulletin describes an insect found on the small grains, more especially oats. The bulletin is of interest to growers of cereals. = This common name, used by some of the early writers, is adopted here, since the name European grain-aphis, used by some authors, is scarcely distinctive, all three of the com- mon grain aphides probably being native to Europe. 3 Specimens labeled "Aphis avcnw Fabr.—A. padi Kalt. on Triticum vulgare, Russia merid.," received from Dr. N. A. Cholodko\ sky, of St. Petersburg, agree well with the Aphis avenw of this country. This species has the following synonyms : 8iphocoryne avenw Fabricius, Siphonophora avenw of some authors, Aphis mali of some authors, Aphis annuw Oestlund (included as a synonym on the authorit
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