Southern Africa, the land and its peoples . esouth-south-west. Near Liideritz and again north of Swakopmundthe rock-waste is coarser in quality and the desert is of rubblerather than sand. The eastern region bordering the Kalahari hasa surface of red sand. Recent formations include also a vast areaof surface limestone, probably of fluviatile origin, occupying thesouth-eastern corner of the territorv. Gl OLOUY 51 The K \i.\h lei. The lurface covering of tins region consists of a thick mantle of line red sand. The colorat ion is due t filii 1 of iron oxide covering each grain; in the neighbourho
Southern Africa, the land and its peoples . esouth-south-west. Near Liideritz and again north of Swakopmundthe rock-waste is coarser in quality and the desert is of rubblerather than sand. The eastern region bordering the Kalahari hasa surface of red sand. Recent formations include also a vast areaof surface limestone, probably of fluviatile origin, occupying thesouth-eastern corner of the territorv. Gl OLOUY 51 The K \i.\h lei. The lurface covering of tins region consists of a thick mantle of line red sand. The colorat ion is due t filii 1 of iron oxide covering each grain; in the neighbourhood of water the sands are usually white ()i it litis of karroo rocksBUggest that these beds underlie the more recentk formed sands, hnt except along the borders, where the superficial deposits are thinner, Karroo rocks seldom show above the surface. TheKalahari sands an- of post I ret aceoiis date, and were probablylaid down when the region stood at a nnieh lower level than atpresent. In certain ureas t he surface consists of hare rock, in. *»-? «M A_ //,../- /. /.. tta Pah mi \i; Skrowe. Bechi inaland. the form of calcareous tufa, sandstone, or recent quaitzite, thelast-named being derived from sandy salt-impregnated muds. There is little surface drainage, human settlement being concen-trated at the QUmerOUS pans and water-holes. The Makarikanis a recent feature due probably to cart h-nio\cinent s interfering with the How of the Okavango River either to the Limpopo orto the Zambezi. E. \m H USOLOGY. It is reasonably certain that South Africa was invaded BUCCeS si\d\ by various primitive peoples in different stages of culturaldevelopment. Moreover, since the sub-continent has no outlet except to the ocean, there has been some congestion of widely-different racial types. Evidence of this fact is to be found in theVaried and hybrid character of the cult nre-relies that ha\ < accumulated. 52 INTRODUCTION It is also evident that human occupation of South Africa is ofgreat anti
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