. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 84 STRENGTHENING DEVICES the strain falls especially on the convex and concave surfaces. The cells will be compressed on the concave side and stretched on the convex side, while the tissues in the center will be subject to the least disturbance. For this reason girders are strength- ened on the surfaces receiving the strain and weakened in the center (Fig. 45). So also given a certain amount of material. Fig. 46. Cross-section of stems showing arrangement of strengthening tissues: A, burdock with strands of collenchyma—st, at periphery; v, vas- cular
. Nature and development of plants. Botany. 84 STRENGTHENING DEVICES the strain falls especially on the convex and concave surfaces. The cells will be compressed on the concave side and stretched on the convex side, while the tissues in the center will be subject to the least disturbance. For this reason girders are strength- ened on the surfaces receiving the strain and weakened in the center (Fig. 45). So also given a certain amount of material. Fig. 46. Cross-section of stems showing arrangement of strengthening tissues: A, burdock with strands of collenchyma—st, at periphery; v, vas- cular bundles. B, sweet clover, showing a similar arrangement. C, moon- seed showing cylinder of stereome fibers outside of vascular bundles. D, rush with strands of stereome fibers at periphery of stem and also on inner and outer sides of the bundles; v, vascular bundles; st, stereome. this is more effectively distributed in the form of a hollow column than in a solid column since less strain falls upon the center of the column. Therefore in stems we find the strengthening tissue. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Curtis, Carlton Clarence, 1864-1945. New York, H. Holt
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