. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] CLIFF-DWELLINGS 307 Mexico, and in the Verde valley of Ari- zona. Although there are local differ- ences in style of building, construction, plan, and finish, the chief characteristics are much the same everywhere. Corre- sponding differences with general likeness are observed in implements, utensils, and ornaments associated with the ruins— facts which go to show that in early periods, as now, numerous tribal groups were represented in the region, and that then, as now, there was a general commu- nity of culture, if not kinship in blood. Owing to differences i
. Bulletin. Ethnology. BULL. 30] CLIFF-DWELLINGS 307 Mexico, and in the Verde valley of Ari- zona. Although there are local differ- ences in style of building, construction, plan, and finish, the chief characteristics are much the same everywhere. Corre- sponding differences with general likeness are observed in implements, utensils, and ornaments associated with the ruins— facts which go to show that in early periods, as now, numerous tribal groups were represented in the region, and that then, as now, there was a general commu- nity of culture, if not kinship in blood. Owing to differences in the composi- tion of the rocky strata, the natural shel- ters occupied l)y the cliff-dwellings are greatly varied in character. While many are mere horizontal crevices or isolated niches, large enough only for men to crawl into and build small stone lodges, two, or more stories in height, or to the rocky roof, where this is low and over- hanging. In the larger shelters the l)uild- ings are much diversified in plan and elevation, owing to irregularities in the conformation of the floor and walls. The first floor was the rock surface, or if that was uneven, of clay or flagstones, and upper floors were constructed of poles set in the masonry, often projecting through the walls and overlaid with smaller poles and willows, flnished above with adobe cement. Some of the rooms in the larger buildings were round, corresponding in appearance and no doubt in purpose to the kivas, or ceremonial chambers, of the ordinary jnieblos. The masonry is ex- cellent, the rather small stones, gathered in many cases from distant sites, being laid in mortar. The stones were rarely. CLIFF VILLAGE ICLIFF PALACE), MESA VERDE, COLORADO. (.SANTA FE RAILWAY) there are extensive chambers, with com- paratively level floors, and with roofs opening outward in great sweeps of solid rock surface, more imposing than any structure built by human hands. These latter are capal)le of accommodating not merely single
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectethnolo, bookyear1901
