. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. September 1985 125 Years of Biological Research 281 of darters. In fact, at least two species which usually attach their eggs have been observed to bury eggs under cer- tain conditions (Petravicz 1936; Page & Mayden 1981). Egg attaching appar- ently also has arisen independently among species within subgenera; its distribution among species of Ozarka is inconsistent with the distribution of morphological synapomorphies (Fig. 7). E Z3 E CO 33 i_ â¢!-» ;ât o o o cn â a ,â^ ,â^ c â¢r-H â¢1â1 1âI Zi â ^ TD c (U â¢M sz â¢1â1 â¢I-H c/> O u â¢â1 O
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. September 1985 125 Years of Biological Research 281 of darters. In fact, at least two species which usually attach their eggs have been observed to bury eggs under cer- tain conditions (Petravicz 1936; Page & Mayden 1981). Egg attaching appar- ently also has arisen independently among species within subgenera; its distribution among species of Ozarka is inconsistent with the distribution of morphological synapomorphies (Fig. 7). E Z3 E CO 33 i_ â¢!-» ;ât o o o cn â a ,â^ ,â^ c â¢r-H â¢1â1 1âI Zi â ^ TD c (U â¢M sz â¢1â1 â¢I-H c/> O u â¢â1 Ol >fâ1 c CO (â1 o L- 3 o a 1_ â M Q. ^ Q. u. Fig. 7. - Hypothesized phylogenetic relation- ships among species o{ Ozarka. Synapomorphies (black rectangles! are 11125 or fewer pored lateral-line scales, (2) seven infraorbital pores, (3) interrupted supratemporal canal, (4) incom- plete lateral line, (51 bright orange margin on the first dorsal fin, (6) bright orange venter on the breeding male, (7) heavily mottled body. Synapo- morphous character states were identified by outgroup comparisons to Etheostoma (Ollgo- cephalus) whipplei and E. (Belophlox) fricksium. E. cragini Gilbert buries its eggs, but E. boschungi Wall and Williams and E. trisella Bailey and Richards attach their eggs to plants (Boschung 1979; W C. Starnes personal communication). If the phylogeny based on morphology (Fig. 7) is accurate, E. boschungi and E. trisella must have evolved egg-attaching behavior independently of one another. The fact that E. trisella attaches its eggs to vegetation in headwaters (even seepages) (W C. Starnes, personal com- munication) was a major factor in plac- ing it in the subgenus Ozarka with E. boschungi, which has essentially the same spawning requirements and be- havior (Boschung 1979; Williams & Robison 1980). Independent derivation of this behavior in the two species weakens the argument for their close relationship to one another. The bree
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Keywords: ., booka, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectnaturalhistory
