. West Virginia trees. tingand often curling at the edges giving the trunk a ragged appearance;slightly aromatic, and bitter. Campers often use the loose outer barkfor starting camp fires in wet weather. Wood.—Heavy, strong, hard, close-grained light reddish-brown,with nearly white sapwood. Range.—Newfoundland to Minnesota and south to North Caro-lina. Distribution in West Virginia.—Frequent, especially in mountainsections, growing with spruce and hemlock; rare in low hilly parts ofthe State and in the Eastern Panhandle; found along streams and inother damp situations on the outskirts of its r
. West Virginia trees. tingand often curling at the edges giving the trunk a ragged appearance;slightly aromatic, and bitter. Campers often use the loose outer barkfor starting camp fires in wet weather. Wood.—Heavy, strong, hard, close-grained light reddish-brown,with nearly white sapwood. Range.—Newfoundland to Minnesota and south to North Caro-lina. Distribution in West Virginia.—Frequent, especially in mountainsections, growing with spruce and hemlock; rare in low hilly parts ofthe State and in the Eastern Panhandle; found along streams and inother damp situations on the outskirts of its range. Habitat.—Moist fertile uplands and along streams. Notes.—This large birch is associated with other mountainspecies such as Spruce, Hemlock, Black Cherry, and Black Birch. Itfurnishes valuable lumber and is a rapid grower. The characteristicappearance of the bark, described above, will prevent the confusionof this tree with its close relative, the Black Birch. W. VA. AGRL EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 175. RED BIRCH September, 1920] WEST VIRGINIA TREES SI RED BIRCHBetula nigra, L. Form.—Height, 50-90 feet, diameter, 1-3 feet; trunk usuallyshort, dividing into two or three large ascending limbs; crown ireg-ular, oblong. Leaves.—Alternate, simple, 1^ to 3 inches long, round-ovate,acute, doubly serrate, sometimes cut or slightly lobed, deep green,pale yellow-green beneath. Flowers.—April, before the leaves; monoecious; staminateformed in the fall and remaining over winter as short aments, usuallyin clusters of three and elongating in the spring to 2-3 inches; pistil-late, short, erect, situated on twigs with the staminate flowers andback of them. Fruit.—Cylindrical strobile, l-lj^ inches long; 3-lobed scales ofstrobile pubescent; nuts small, hairy, winged. Bark.—On old trunks dark red-brown and rough, with deep fur-rows and broken ridges ; on younger trees, lighter-colored, the outerpapery layers separating freely into thin sheets and turning up at theedges
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectshrubs, bookyear1920
