. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. I BULLETIN No. 803 Contribution from the Bureau of Clieinistry CARL L. ALSBERG, Chief. .^f^'^^U Washington, D. C. January 24, 1920 A CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE RIPENING AND PICKLING OF CALIFORNIA OLIVES. By R. W. Hilts, Chief of Western Food and Drug Inspection District, and R. S. HoLLiNGSHEAD, Juuior Chemist, San Francisco Station.^ CONTENTS. Olive culture in California Varieties of the olive grown in Cali- fornia Olive-picking season Changes in composition during ripen- ing The plcliling of olives Page. Purpose of investi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. I BULLETIN No. 803 Contribution from the Bureau of Clieinistry CARL L. ALSBERG, Chief. .^f^'^^U Washington, D. C. January 24, 1920 A CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE RIPENING AND PICKLING OF CALIFORNIA OLIVES. By R. W. Hilts, Chief of Western Food and Drug Inspection District, and R. S. HoLLiNGSHEAD, Juuior Chemist, San Francisco Station.^ CONTENTS. Olive culture in California Varieties of the olive grown in Cali- fornia Olive-picking season Changes in composition during ripen- ing The plcliling of olives Page. Purpose of investigation Plan of investigation Methods of examination Results of examination of fresh olives. Results of examination of pickled olives Summary Page. 9 13 19 24 I OLIVE CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. With the single exception of Arizona, olive culture in this country is limited to California, where the tree was introduced in the early days by Spanish priests, the first grove being planted in San Diego in This origin is recorded in the name of what is to-day the most popular variety, the Mission olive, a descendant of the early plantings. The culture of the olive has extended until there are trees in 38 counties, the important counties being Eiverside, Tulare, Te- hama, Los Angeles, Butte, Fresno, San Bernardino, and Shasta. In the spring of 1916 a State census showed 834,939 bearing and 515,221 nonbearing trees.^ In general, the olive-growing sections may be roughly grouped into three districts. The northern district, in the Sacramento Valley, centers in Butte County, with some groves as far south as Sacramento, and many fresh plantings in southern Shasta County, the farthest north. This district is one of the most im- portant, and contains an enormous number of trees not yet bearing. The central district is in the San Joaquin Valley, principally in 1 The authors wish to acknowledge their indebtedness to V. B. Bonney for a portion of the analytical work done in 1916, and to W. W. K
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