. The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology. inly chief-ly determined the stature, color,brain development, hair charac-ter, size of teeth, prominence ofjaws, muscular conditions andother structural characters onwhich race distinctions are made. These structural conditionsare, of course, intimately alliedto physiological and mental andmoral conditions and , this alliance or relationis partly that of cause and recognize physiolog-ical and mental and moral differences among peoples justas they do structural differences and use th
. The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology. inly chief-ly determined the stature, color,brain development, hair charac-ter, size of teeth, prominence ofjaws, muscular conditions andother structural characters onwhich race distinctions are made. These structural conditionsare, of course, intimately alliedto physiological and mental andmoral conditions and , this alliance or relationis partly that of cause and recognize physiolog-ical and mental and moral differences among peoples justas they do structural differences and use these differences tohelp trace out racial and stock relationships. Likeness andunlikeness of language have been of great service in the studyof relationships. But for the actual distinguishing andclassification of different peoples physical characteristicsare used first of all and given most weight. The characters chiefly relied on to distinguish races andstocks are shape of skull, shape of nose, eyes, jaws and wholeface, width of pelvis, color of skin, and character of FIG. 198. Head of the Hot-tentot Venus from a mouldtaken after death, now in theParis Museum of NaturalHistory. (After Quatrefages.) 396 THE ANIMALS AND MAN For example, all the various peoples and stocks and branchesof the American race agree in having coffee-colored skin,straight or wavy hair and medium nose. This race hasgreat unity of type although it ranges over two continentsfrom the Arctic to the Antarctic regions. The most developedearly peoples of the race lived in Mexico and Peru; thelowest lived and still live in Patagonia. All the white peoples belong to the Caucasic or Caucasianrace. The name is not a good one because it suggests an origin in the Caucasus, whichit did not have. The Ameri-can ethnologist Brintonmaintains that it undoubted-ly arose in Southern Europeand Northern Africa. In-deed these two regions wereprobably one in early Qua-ternary times. And he be-lieves that the present typeso
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