. Life and times of William E. Gladstone : an account of his ancestry and boyhood, his career at Eton and Oxford, his entrance into public life, his rise to leadership and fame, his genius as statesman and author, and his influence on the progress of the nineteenth century. iatingr and severe, and to this wasadded all manner of abuse and brutality. The wonder remains that anyaspiring and proud lad could have been subjected to so degrading a systemand yet preserve a show of manly character. Of course the tables weresoon turned by those who were the victims of fagging. When they reachedthe upper


. Life and times of William E. Gladstone : an account of his ancestry and boyhood, his career at Eton and Oxford, his entrance into public life, his rise to leadership and fame, his genius as statesman and author, and his influence on the progress of the nineteenth century. iatingr and severe, and to this wasadded all manner of abuse and brutality. The wonder remains that anyaspiring and proud lad could have been subjected to so degrading a systemand yet preserve a show of manly character. Of course the tables weresoon turned by those who were the victims of fagging. When they reachedthe upper forms, they themselves became the tyrants. It was then theiropportunity to be avenged by exercising the same sway over the newstudents that had been wielded over themselves. Human nature is alwaysthe same, and the servant makes a hard master. Eton offered no prizes. It offered no stimulus to ambition. It prom-ised nothing unless it was promotion to the University. And such promo-tion was not made on any basis of merit, but simply on seniority. Thosewho had been longest at Eton might be promoted in certain numbers, andwho the favored w^ere was determined by lot. Young fellows might thusremain at the school until they were twenty-two years of age. ETON AND OXFORD. 43. CHRISTCHURCH COLLEGE, OXFORD. But If there was no noble motive before the student, there was enouehcompulsion behind ! The discipline was by hogging. The students wereflogged for every kind of offense. It was the common method of punish-ment. In case any boy was derelict he was stripped to his back and floggedwith a leather strap. The flogging was done by the head master of Eton,and the amount of exercise which he had in this work made him an was not only the new beginners and younger boys who were flogged, butall alike were amenable to the punishment. Young fellows who were wellalong in their teens were publicly stripped and whipped in the prescribedmanner. At the time when the boy Gladstone was at Eton


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookpublis, booksubjectstatesmen