. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. VIOLA VlOLA (classical name). I'ioldcea. Violet. There are probably 150 species of Violets. They are wiilely distributed perennial or rarely annual herbs (or even subshrubs) with interesting irregular flowers on 1- or 2-flowered axillary peduncles. They are plants of the northern and southern temperate zones. A
. Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches. Gardening. VIOLA VlOLA (classical name). I'ioldcea. Violet. There are probably 150 species of Violets. They are wiilely distributed perennial or rarely annual herbs (or even subshrubs) with interesting irregular flowers on 1- or 2-flowered axillary peduncles. They are plants of the northern and southern temperate zones. About 40 spe- cies are native to North America north of Mexico. The flowers are 5-raerous as to envelopes and stamens: sepals all similar, persistent with the fruit: corolla irregular, the lower petal spurred, the others similar but usually not alike ; stamiTis sliort and included, the anthers more or less coherent and ; ..f tlieni with an appendage projecting into th. s|iur : t'v. a capsule, 3-valved, with several to iiLuiy ^-iMliuhir sieils. Some of the species (particularly II >i m fastern I', pal- mata) have ^ which are borne at the base of the plant iMttrn mnlcr the mold) and are pollinated in the liii'l. I'ln sinirture of the corolla of the Violet is shown in Ki-. I'llM. In Fig. 2682, repre- senting the same species, tlie cleistogamous flowers are Three species of Viola are well known in gardens. The Common Sweet Violet is W odorala. From this the florists' Violet, in many forms, has been evolved. The Pansy is T. tricolor. See Pansii. The Horned or Butterfly Violet is T. cormda. These are all European species, and are now considerably modified by cultiva- tion. Many of the Violas are offered by dealers in hardy plants, but only and (with its var. cucuUata) are really known to any extent as garden plants; and even these are not frequently seen. V. pedata, the Bird's-foot Violet, is a most worthy spe- cies, and it
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