. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . tin 37.)Average diameter ins., 21st year. the various states, called by the President in May and December, 1908, inWashington, D. C. Many tree species * in the United States are adapted to a certain degreeat least for the production of crossties. Notwithstanding this, in making themajority of railroad plantations only two species have been used. These twospecies are catalpa and black locust. Catalpa f has been planted for a great many years on a great variet
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . tin 37.)Average diameter ins., 21st year. the various states, called by the President in May and December, 1908, inWashington, D. C. Many tree species * in the United States are adapted to a certain degreeat least for the production of crossties. Notwithstanding this, in making themajority of railroad plantations only two species have been used. These twospecies are catalpa and black locust. Catalpa f has been planted for a great many years on a great variety of soils * Proceedings Am. Ry. Eng. and M. of W. it Practical Arboriculture, J. P. Brown. , 1908, Vol. 9, p. 715. 110 STEEL RAILS and throughout a wide range of territory, and although many plantations havereached the age of twenty-five years or more,* so far as known, the trees in noneof the plantations have reached a size suitable for crossties (Figs. 76 and 77).The black locust, although it is a rapid grower and thrives on a variety of soils,is so subject to the attacks of insects that trees seldom reach a sufficient size. Fig. 77. — Farlington Forest (Catalpa). (Bureau of Forestry, Bulletin 37.)Average diameter ins., 21st year. to make a crosstie. Trees which do reach this size are usually so weakened bynumerous cavities made by the boring of the insects that the wood cannot beused with safety. Table XX shows that of the total number of trees planted, the locustspredominate, with the catalpa second; the results to date favor the former,although it is perhaps too early fairly to estimate the ultimate value of any ofthe plantations now under cultivation. * The Hardy Catalpa, Bureau of Forestry, Bulletin No. 37. The Farlington Forest, p. 15. TheHunnewell Plantation, p. 26. SUPPORTS OF THE RAIL 111 I Miti o definite knowledge obtainedfrom results to date, but condi-tions are favorable for obtaining,within about 20 years, f ie- andposts amounting to double the erty up t
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