. Michigan bird life : a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation to agriculture ... . .25; tail to ;exposed culmen .33 to .42; depth of bill at base .25 to .30; tarsus .60 to .68. 215. Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linn.). (529) Synonyms: American Goldfinch, Ycllowbird, Tliistle-bird, Lettuce-bird, Wild Canary—Fringiila tristis, Linn., 1758, also of Wilson, Bonap., Audubon, Nuttall.^Spinus tristisA. O. II. Check-list, 1
. Michigan bird life : a list of all the bird species known to occur in the State together with an outline of their classification and an account of the life history of each species, with special reference to its relation to agriculture ... . .25; tail to ;exposed culmen .33 to .42; depth of bill at base .25 to .30; tarsus .60 to .68. 215. Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linn.). (529) Synonyms: American Goldfinch, Ycllowbird, Tliistle-bird, Lettuce-bird, Wild Canary—Fringiila tristis, Linn., 1758, also of Wilson, Bonap., Audubon, Nuttall.^Spinus tristisA. O. II. Check-list, 1886.—Chrysomitris tristis, Hainl, Allen, Coues and others. Figure 113. The male in summer, with lemon-yellow body, velvet-black cap, andblack wings and tail with white edgings, is unmistakable. The femaleis yelloAvish brown without strong contrasts of color, although yellowpredominates below. Distribution.—Temperate North America generally, south in winterto lower boundary of lower California; breeds southward to the middledistricts of the United States, and winters mainly within the United States. One of the commonest and best known birds throughout the state, *For note on Holboells Redpoll, sec Appendix. LAND BIRDS. 477 ■^^^. Fig. li;i. male, in universully distributed and found both summer and winter, although the winter plumage is so unlike that of summer that the birds usually pass unrecognized. Moreover, it is much less abundant in winter, and often the entire season may pass without any being seen. Undoubtedly all the summer Goldfinches in any one region move southward in autumn, and those which are found in winter have come from more northern regions. These latter seem to return northward again in spring before their plumage has brightened much, but very soon the birds appear which have wintered farther south and these already have begun to take on the brighter summer plumage. They reach middle Michigan in flocks the last of April o
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