. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. 664 The Soapberries These trees have bitter bark, roimd or angled twigs, alternate pinnately com- pound leaves without stipules, entire-margined leaflets, and very small regular clustered dioecious or polygamous flowers, the clusters borne at the ends of branches. The calyx is composed of 4 or 5 sepals; there are 4 or 5 petals alternate with the sepals, in some species with 2 appendages at the base; the stamens vary from
. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. 664 The Soapberries These trees have bitter bark, roimd or angled twigs, alternate pinnately com- pound leaves without stipules, entire-margined leaflets, and very small regular clustered dioecious or polygamous flowers, the clusters borne at the ends of branches. The calyx is composed of 4 or 5 sepals; there are 4 or 5 petals alternate with the sepals, in some species with 2 appendages at the base; the stamens vary from 4 to 10, those of the staminate flowers much longer than those of the pistillate ones; the filaments are very slender or filiform, often hairy, the anthers short; the ovary is from 2-celled to 4-ceIled, and 2-lobed to 4-lobed, with i ovule in each cavity; the style is short, the stigma with as many lobes as the ovary. The fruit is a smooth fleshy berry, with firm translucent pulp, containing a large seed, which has a tuft of hairs at its base. The North American species may be distinguished as follows: Leaflets obtuse or acutish, not acuminate; rachis winged. Leaflets acuminate; rachis wingless or merely margined. Petals lanceolate; Florida tree. Petals ovate; western tree. 1. 5. Saponaria. 2. S. marginaius. 3. 5. Drummondii. I. SUMAC-LEAVED SOAPBERRY—Sapindus Saponaria Linnaeus This small tree inhabits southern Florida, the West Indies, and northern South America. It attains a maximum height of about 15 meters, with a trunk about 5 dm. thick; the branches are upright, the leaves evergreen. The thick bark is light gray outside, falling off in large, thin scales and ex- posing the darker inner layers. The young twigs are at first angular and green, finely hairy, becom- ing roimd, light brown, and smooth. The leaves are short-stalked, 2 dm. long or less, hairy when young, and have from 2 to 4 pairs of stalkless leaflets with or without a terminal Fig. 616. — Sumac-leaved Soap
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