. Elements of physiological psychology; a treatise of the activities and nature of the mind, from the physical and experimental points of view . bia thenerve-cells of the pallium are irregularly arranged, but, beginningwith the reptiles, there is a true bark, or cortex, on the outer sur-face of the pallium, consisting of cells arranged in a definite fashion,and with an extraordinary richness of fine branches. § 19. At its first appearance, in reptiles, the cortex is, to judgefrom its fibre connections, an adjunct of the primary olfactory andoral sense-centres which lie in the adjacent basal po
. Elements of physiological psychology; a treatise of the activities and nature of the mind, from the physical and experimental points of view . bia thenerve-cells of the pallium are irregularly arranged, but, beginningwith the reptiles, there is a true bark, or cortex, on the outer sur-face of the pallium, consisting of cells arranged in a definite fashion,and with an extraordinary richness of fine branches. § 19. At its first appearance, in reptiles, the cortex is, to judgefrom its fibre connections, an adjunct of the primary olfactory andoral sense-centres which lie in the adjacent basal portion of the fore-brain. This oldest part of the pallium is called the archi-pallium,in distinction from the neo-pallium, the connections of which are L. Edinger, op. cit., p. 261. 32 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM with more distant parts of the brain-stem and cord (see Fig. 9).In birds, the connections with the optic lobes become prominent;and in mammals, through the intermediary of the thalamus, thecortex comes into connection with all the receptors of the body,and also sends outgoing fibres further and further back along the. Fig. 9.—Archipallium and Neopallium in the Brain of the Calf.(Edinger.) In the right half of the figure, the archipallium (un-shaded) is separated from the partially shaded neopallium by thefissura limbica. brain-stem and cord, thus assuming control over more and more ofthe fundamental system. With the increase in the neopallium, theolder, olfactory portion of the cortex is left behind near the baseand median line of the cerebrum, while the neopallium spreads tothe sides, and upward, forward, and backward. The archi-pallium still forms a distinguishable portion of the brain, even ofman, and is probably still concerned, as in reptiles, with smell andrelated senses. RELATION OF SIZE TO INTELLIGENCE 33 Among the mammals, the advance of the brain from the lowerto the higher forms consists in the development of the advance is mar
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