. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PELVIS. 209 spongy texture, and deep-seated position. When fractures of this bone do happen, they are most commonly found at the lower part, which is less protected by the above pecu- liarities. They occur chiefly from direct and great violence, which generally injures also other parts of the pelvis extensively, seriously affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, so as to produce paraplegia and retention of urine, as well as extensive injury to the soft parts, such as result in effusion of blood, peritonitis, and slough
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. PELVIS. 209 spongy texture, and deep-seated position. When fractures of this bone do happen, they are most commonly found at the lower part, which is less protected by the above pecu- liarities. They occur chiefly from direct and great violence, which generally injures also other parts of the pelvis extensively, seriously affecting the nerves of the sacral plexus, so as to produce paraplegia and retention of urine, as well as extensive injury to the soft parts, such as result in effusion of blood, peritonitis, and sloughing of the integuments. Fractures at the lower part are much more easy to diagnose than those of the upper, which are seldom discovered till after death. In the former case, the lower fragment is generally drawn forwards by the action of the great glutei and coccygei muscles, so as to press upon and interfere with the functions of the rectum, through which it may be felt by the finger. It will also produce great pain on moving the legs, which may lead to its discovery, when more serious injury is not present. The coccyx when normally placed is rarely fractured, on account of its great mobility and small size. It always happens by di- rect violence. When ankylosed, it is more frequently broken, and instances of this have been before mentioned, in relation to the obstruction of the outlet in parturition which it occasions. It is diagnosed by the mo- bility and grating of the fragments, and by the pain caused by the action of the great glutei muscles. Dislocation of the coccyx is said to have occurred backward in difficult labours, and to have been followed by abscess, but these cases have been most probably fractures like those just mentioned. Fractures of the innominate bone generally occur on one side only, where the greatest part of the force has fallen, but sometimes on both. They are most frequently found in the ilium—which is most exposed, but often impli- cate both the
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