. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. GASTEROMYCETES 495 limited space, these lie in numerous folds and finally fuse with the hyphae of the stipe. At maturity the peridium breaks or is loosened from the stipe at its lower margin and expands, as in some species of Secotium and Macowanites. As a last member of this series we may mention Podaxis carcinomalis (Podaxon carcinomale) with much the same geographical distribution as Endoptychum, being confined to the warmer, drier regions. The fructifica- tions consist of a solid woody stipe and columella, a fusiform glebal tissue and a fragile, sc
. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. GASTEROMYCETES 495 limited space, these lie in numerous folds and finally fuse with the hyphae of the stipe. At maturity the peridium breaks or is loosened from the stipe at its lower margin and expands, as in some species of Secotium and Macowanites. As a last member of this series we may mention Podaxis carcinomalis (Podaxon carcinomale) with much the same geographical distribution as Endoptychum, being confined to the warmer, drier regions. The fructifica- tions consist of a solid woody stipe and columella, a fusiform glebal tissue and a fragile, scaly peridium (Fig. 316) which separates from the top of the columella and from the stipe, and cracks longitudinally around the lower edge. The gleba is spongy with the tramal plates reduced to strands of hyphae bearing tufts of basidia. Maturation proceeds from below up- wards, the gleba eventually forming a dusty mass of capillitium and spores, as in the Lycoperdaceae; Gaumann (1926) places it in a separate family as an appendix to the Agaricales, empha- sizing its similarity to Endoptychum (Secotium) which he also placed in this order. The main line of the family, leading toward the Clathraceae, develops from forms similar to Hysterangium fuscum (H. Gardneri), but having a completely percurrent columella and a more highly developed stipe. The small spores and the more or less gelatinous consistency is retained. Rhopalogaster transversarium (Caulo- glossum transversarium) of the south- eastern United States, continues this tendency. The shape of the mature fructification is similar to that of Podaxis (Cauloglossum), in which group it was formerly placed, or still more like that of Clavaria pistillaris (Johnston, 1902). The primordium of the gleba is first seen as a ring of small chambers surrounding the upper third of the club. The tissue outside this ring, the fundament of the per- idium, which consists of loosely interwoven hyphae, ceases growth and is gradually stretched by
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