. Physical diagnosis . v ....^ Fig. 198.—Vinegar Eels in Urine. (Billings.) a, Protruded hooks of male; b, top-shapedoesophageal enlargement. The Strongyloides stercoralis (see above, Fig. 187, page 410)has also been found in the urine. Summary of the Urinary Pictures Most Useful in Diagnosis. Aside from polyuria, oliguria, hcematuria, and pyuria, whichhave already been discussed, the most important conditions inwhich the urine gives valuable diagnostic evidence are: THE INTESTINE, SPLEEN, KIDNEY. 435 1. Cystitis.—Urine passed frequently, painfully, and in smallamounts. Turbid, ammoniacal, and
. Physical diagnosis . v ....^ Fig. 198.—Vinegar Eels in Urine. (Billings.) a, Protruded hooks of male; b, top-shapedoesophageal enlargement. The Strongyloides stercoralis (see above, Fig. 187, page 410)has also been found in the urine. Summary of the Urinary Pictures Most Useful in Diagnosis. Aside from polyuria, oliguria, hcematuria, and pyuria, whichhave already been discussed, the most important conditions inwhich the urine gives valuable diagnostic evidence are: THE INTESTINE, SPLEEN, KIDNEY. 435 1. Cystitis.—Urine passed frequently, painfully, and in smallamounts. Turbid, ammoniacal, and offensive (after the earlieststages). Much pus and many other cells are found in the sedi-. Fig. 199.—Bilharzia Eggs in the Urine, with Blood, Calcic Oxalate, and a Hyaline Cast. (ONeil.) ment, with bacteria, triple phosphate crystals, and amorphousdebris. 2. Acute Nephritis (or acute exacerbations in chronic cases).—Scanty, heavy, highly albuminous urine, often bloody and contain-ing in the sediment much blood and many cells, free or on varieties of casts occur, but are not characteristic. In con-valescence the urine becomes abundant and of light weight, andthe other abnormalities gradually disappear. 3. Chronic Glomerular Nephritis (parenchymatous).—Theurine is rather scanty, pale, and of light weight (,) witha large amount of albumin and, in the sediment, much fat—free, 436 PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. in cells, and on casts. Also found, but not characteristic, are allthe other varieties of casts. If death does not ensue within eigh-teen months, the urine is apt to assume the characteristics of the: 4. Contracted kidney (primary, secondary, or arteri
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