Famous and decisive battles of the world; . LAST FIGHT OF THE PHALAN.\. PHARSALIA. 49 B. HE century that followed Pydna was one ofincessant warfare for Rome. Ruling theworld of civilization with a firm and oftenheavy hand, she had enemies in every direc-tion. Carthage was maddened by her oppres-sion and goaded into the war that ended herexistence in the year 146 B. C. Then camea long and bitter war in Spain, closing withthe destruction of Numantia in 133. Thenfollowed the revolutionary century inRome—one hundred years of ceaseless civil strife, beginningwith the attempted reformation of th
Famous and decisive battles of the world; . LAST FIGHT OF THE PHALAN.\. PHARSALIA. 49 B. HE century that followed Pydna was one ofincessant warfare for Rome. Ruling theworld of civilization with a firm and oftenheavy hand, she had enemies in every direc-tion. Carthage was maddened by her oppres-sion and goaded into the war that ended herexistence in the year 146 B. C. Then camea long and bitter war in Spain, closing withthe destruction of Numantia in 133. Thenfollowed the revolutionary century inRome—one hundred years of ceaseless civil strife, beginningwith the attempted reformation of the Gracchi, and ending onlywith the great naval battle of Actium, which made OctavianusCssar ruler of the Roman world; and all through these hundredyears Rome was maintaining large armies abroad, fighting every-where, and adding large conquests to her possessions. Firstcame the Jugurthine war in Africa (i 18-106), and even whilethis was going on there broke out the bloody and terrible strug-gle with the Cimbri and Teutones, in which army after army ofRomans was defeated and sometimes ma
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