. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. '^^Arli .i^-t-as*^-- --~ «sili.;« Sfi-Sji. FIGURE 9. Stand of perennial ryegrass on early spring burn treatment in April of third season after manipulation. Area on left of fence was protected during the winter; area on right was grazed by deer. Picture was taken before livestock use. exhausts the seed supply. If the area were burned agam before a new supply of seed has been produced, the stand would be destroyed. It may take many
. California fish and game. Fisheries -- California; Game and game-birds -- California; Fishes -- California; Animal Population Groups; Pêches; Gibier; Poissons. '^^Arli .i^-t-as*^-- --~ «sili.;« Sfi-Sji. FIGURE 9. Stand of perennial ryegrass on early spring burn treatment in April of third season after manipulation. Area on left of fence was protected during the winter; area on right was grazed by deer. Picture was taken before livestock use. exhausts the seed supply. If the area were burned agam before a new supply of seed has been produced, the stand would be destroyed. It may take many years to produce a seed crop; therefore initial manipulation should be done to insure an adequate and lasting browse supply. Fall burning is more effective than spring burning for non-sprouting species, particularly wedgeleaf ceanothus and chaparral whitethorn. The reason is quite simple. Burning, just as the artificial treatments of scarification or immersion in boiling water or acid, cracks the hard coat so the seed can imbibe water. After this has occurred, the seed needs a period of stratification in cool soil. As the soil warms in spring the seed germinates. Fall burning produces these conditions in exactly the right order. While spring burning satisfactorily cracks the seed coats, there is an insufficient interval of time for stratification following imbi- bition ; the soil is too warm or already too dry to allow seedling estab- lishment. Consequently many seeds lay over until the following spring before they germinate. Seedlings which do not emerge until the second season must compete with herbaceous vegetation and sprouts which have had a full season's head start. Since burning causes an increase in available nutrients (Vlamis et al., 1959), seedlings which become established the first season after a burn can make better growth than those which emerge the second year, after nutrients have been tied up or leached Please note that these images are extracted from
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