Jean Baptiste Perrin, French Physicist
Jean Baptiste Perrin (September 30, 1870 - April 17, 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein's explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter. He attended the Ìäcole Normale SupÌ©rieure, the elite grande Ì©cole in Paris. He became an assistant at the school during the period of 1894-97 when he began the study of cathode rays and X-rays. In 1895, he showed that cathode rays were of negative electric charge nature. He computed Avogadro's number through several methods. He explained solar energy by the thermonuclear reactions of hydrogen. He was awarded his PhD in 1897 and appointed as a lecturer in physical chemistry at the Sorbonne, Paris. He became a professor at the University in 1910, holding this post until the German occupation of France during World War II. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926 for proving the physical reality of molecules. When the Germans invaded France in 1940, he escaped to the US where he died in 1942 at the age of 71. After the War, in 1948, his remains were transported back to France and buried in the PanthÌ©on.
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