. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. Fig. 5.—Idealized average relative circulation of air in a slowly rotating disc with a cold source at the center. Diameter 1 ft, height 2 in. approximately. The sharp disagreement with results in a disc of water of about the same height-diameter ratio (see Fig. 11) shows that extreme care is necessary in interpreting the mechanisms responsible for such motions. (After Vettin 169].) circulations corresponding with what has become the traditional picture of the trade-wind cell. With the same apparatus, using air again as the medium, he provided a small g
. Compendium of meteorology. Meteorology. Fig. 5.—Idealized average relative circulation of air in a slowly rotating disc with a cold source at the center. Diameter 1 ft, height 2 in. approximately. The sharp disagreement with results in a disc of water of about the same height-diameter ratio (see Fig. 11) shows that extreme care is necessary in interpreting the mechanisms responsible for such motions. (After Vettin 169].) circulations corresponding with what has become the traditional picture of the trade-wind cell. With the same apparatus, using air again as the medium, he provided a small gas flame arranged so as to heat the same point on the rotating base plate. This generated well-defined vortices within the air, accompanied by average relative circulations. Vettin had the disadvantage in 1857 of writing before any clearly developed theory of dimensional or model analysis had been formulated. He attempted to draw sweeping meteorological conclusions from his work and was consequently criticised very severely by Dove [16], who was one of the prominent meteorologists of the time. Certain of the experimental phenomena which Vettin attempted to interpret meteorologically were trivially, if at all, related to the atmospheric case, but Dove's criticisms, on the other hand, were In fact certain of the ideas which Vettin derived from his experiments, for example, those regarding the steering of storms, are more nearly in accord with the facts than the objections which Dove raised against them.^ Exner's experiments [17] nearly three-quarters of a century later were almost identical in one phase with Vettin's except that he used water. (However, Exner included the air vortex study mentioned earlier.) He placed a thin cylinder of ice, dyed with an ink, at the center of the rotating pan of water. The cooled portions of the water were consequently colored and could be seen spreading out along the bottom in tongues, as seen in Fig. 6. Systems of vortices, which
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