Archive image from page 318 of Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy (1914). Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy cunninghamstextb00cunn Year: 1914 ( MEASUKEMENTS AND INDICES. 285 The results are classified into three groups :— 1. Dolichocephalic, with an index below 75 : Australians, Kaffirs, Zulus, Eskimo, Fijians. 2. Mesaticephalic, ranging from 75 to 80 : Europeans (mixed), Chinese, Polynesians (mixed). 3. Brachycephalic, with an index over 80 : Malays, Burmese, American Indians, Anda- manese. In order to provide for uniformity in the results of different observers, some system is neces- sary by
Archive image from page 318 of Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy (1914). Cunningham's Text-book of anatomy cunninghamstextb00cunn Year: 1914 ( MEASUKEMENTS AND INDICES. 285 The results are classified into three groups :— 1. Dolichocephalic, with an index below 75 : Australians, Kaffirs, Zulus, Eskimo, Fijians. 2. Mesaticephalic, ranging from 75 to 80 : Europeans (mixed), Chinese, Polynesians (mixed). 3. Brachycephalic, with an index over 80 : Malays, Burmese, American Indians, Anda- manese. In order to provide for uniformity in the results of different observers, some system is neces- sary by which the various points from which the measurements are taken must correspond. Whilst there is much difference in the value of the measurements insisted on by individual anatomists, all agree in endeavouring to select such points on the skull as may be readily deter- mined, and which have a fairly fixed anatomical position The more important of these ' fixed points ' are included in the subjoined table :— Vertex Bregma Stephanion Obelion Lambda Maximum occipital POINT Supra-auricular POINT Nasion Dacryon Rhinion jugal point Akanthion Prosthion (alveolar point) PoGONlON Nasion.—The middle of the naso-frontal suture. Glabella.—A point midway between the two superciliary ridges. Ophryon.—The central point of the narrowest transverse diameter of the forehead, measured from one temporal line to the other. Inion.—The external occipital protuberance. Maximum Occipital Point.—The point on the squamous part of the occipital in the sagittal plane most distant from the glabella. Opisthion.—The middle of the posterior margin of the foramen magnum. Basion.—The middle of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. Bregma.—The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. Rhinion.—The most prominent point at which the nasal bones touch one another. Alveolar Point or Prosthion.—The centre of the anterior margin of the upper alveolar margin. Subnasal Point.
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