. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 25-31. Forests and forestry. How a Forest Fire Bums When There is no Wind.* brooms, brooms made of branches, or steel brooms, is better than beating. The burning material may be pushed back upon the burned- over ground with rakes, sticks, forks, or other tools. The idea is to separate the burning material from that not yet afire. W^ater is always effective, but too frequently dependence is placed on it, and when it is not available fire fighters seem to be at a loss to know how to make their attack. The fire can be smothered by throwing on
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 25-31. Forests and forestry. How a Forest Fire Bums When There is no Wind.* brooms, brooms made of branches, or steel brooms, is better than beating. The burning material may be pushed back upon the burned- over ground with rakes, sticks, forks, or other tools. The idea is to separate the burning material from that not yet afire. W^ater is always effective, but too frequently dependence is placed on it, and when it is not available fire fighters seem to be at a loss to know how to make their attack. The fire can be smothered by throwing on dry or moist sand or dirt. If it is possible to plow, a furrow may be thrown up quickly to restrict the spread of the fire. Sometimes small or lightly-burning fires are beaten out. If no trail is cleared to the bare ground entirely around the burned area, here and there small pieces of smouldering wood may be fanned into flame and the fire may again break out. It is always a safe practice to make a clean trail with exposed mineral earth entirely around the burned area. •This cut and those on pages 11, 13, 17, and small one on 16 from New Jersey circular. 11 Chemical extinguishers are sometimes used. Careful tests have been made by foresters and it has been found that the chemical spray is of no more value in the woods than is plain water with a little force back of it. This force can be supplied by a foot pump, or by air pressure, as in the ordinary fruit spraying devices. Sprinkling water in front of the fire reduces the force of the flames and permits close beating and raking. To be effective, considerable water is re- quired when it is sprinkled directly on the flames. Water is used to the best advantage when the stream is thrown at the ground im- mediately in front of the flames. The water and force combined will stop the flames' advance. It is also satisfactory to spray water against the base of the flames from the rear particularly if there is much smoke. BACK-FIRING: W
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