Elements of chemistry : including the applications of the science in the arts . duced into a large leaden vessel, of a form nearly globular, as represented (fig. 151),and 5 or 6 feet in diameter, and to these is added as much of the unconcentratedsulphuric acid of the leaden chambers as is equiva-lent to 13 parts of oil of vitriol. The leaden vesselis placed in an iron pan, or has an outer casing, de; and to heat the materials, steam is admittedby d into the space between the bottom and outercasing. In the figure, which is a section of theleaden retort, a represents the tube by whichthe chlori
Elements of chemistry : including the applications of the science in the arts . duced into a large leaden vessel, of a form nearly globular, as represented (fig. 151),and 5 or 6 feet in diameter, and to these is added as much of the unconcentratedsulphuric acid of the leaden chambers as is equiva-lent to 13 parts of oil of vitriol. The leaden vesselis placed in an iron pan, or has an outer casing, de; and to heat the materials, steam is admittedby d into the space between the bottom and outercasing. In the figure, which is a section of theleaden retort, a represents the tube by whichthe chlorine escapes, b a large opening for intro-ducing the solid material covered by a lid or watervalve, its edges dipping into a channel containingwater, e a twisted leaden funnel for introducing theacid, / a wooden agitator, and c a discharge tube,by which the waste materials are run off after theprocess is finished. A retort of lead cannot beused with safety with binoxide of manganese andhydrochloric acid for chlorine, owing to the action of the acid upon the lead, and Fig. 332 CHLORINE. the evolution of hydrogen gas (which produces a spontaneously-explosive mixturewith chlorine), or, it is said, of cuchlorine. In the reaction which occurs in theleaden retort, it may be supposed either that hydrochloric acid is first liberated fromchloride of sodium by sulphuric acid, and afterwards decomposed by binoxide ofmanganese, as in the preceding experiment; or that sulphates of manganese andsoda°arc simultaneously formed, and chlorine liberated in consequence, as stated inthe following diagram, in which the names express (as usual) single equivalents :— PROCESS FOE CHLORINE FROM CHLORIDE OF SODIUM (COMMON SALT), BINOXIDE OF MANGANESE, AND SULPHURIC ACID. Before decomposition. After decomposition. ~., ., , ,. f Chlorine Chlorine. Chlondeof sodium j godium __^ Sulphuric acid Sulphuric acid -----^ Sulphate of soda. Binoxide of manganese j eJJS^^ \ Sulphuric acid Sulphuric acid ~- -
Size: 1546px × 1617px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1850, bookpublisherphila, bookyear1853
