. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D,C. T '. April 30, 1924 THE CAMPHOR By W. W. Yothers, Entomologist, and Arthur C. Mason, Assistant Entomologist, Fruit Insect Investigations,2 Bureau of Entomology. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 History and distribution 3 Origin 4 Comparison of bay thrips and camphor thrips 4 Nature and extent of injury 5 Description 6 Life history and habits S Page. Seasonal history 18 Host plants 18 Natural enemies 21 Control measures 21 Summary 28 Literature cited 29 TJNTRODUCTION. Many years ago camphor
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D,C. T '. April 30, 1924 THE CAMPHOR By W. W. Yothers, Entomologist, and Arthur C. Mason, Assistant Entomologist, Fruit Insect Investigations,2 Bureau of Entomology. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 History and distribution 3 Origin 4 Comparison of bay thrips and camphor thrips 4 Nature and extent of injury 5 Description 6 Life history and habits S Page. Seasonal history 18 Host plants 18 Natural enemies 21 Control measures 21 Summary 28 Literature cited 29 TJNTRODUCTION. Many years ago camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm., were introduced into Florida for ornamental uses. The beauty and grace of the tree made it very popular for the beautifi- cation of grounds, roadways, and borders of groves. The ease with which this tree was propagated and the luxuriousness of its growth (fig. 1) led to the belief that it could be grown in large acreages to obtain a commercial supply of camphor. The first attempt to produce camphor gum under commercial conditions was made at Satsuma, Fla., in 1903. The total investment on this plantation amounted to nearly one million dollars and during the period of the existence of the plantation (1903-1921), 1,800 acres were set to camphor trees. Another plantation, consisting of 2,200 acres of camphor trees, was located at Waller, Fla., midway between Stark and Green Cove Springs, and represented an invest- ment of over a million dollars. It was thought that by using machin- ery on an extensive scale camphor gum could be produced as econom- ically here as in the Oriental countries, where the cost of labor is low. Practically all of the work of planting the trees, cultivating, harvesting the branches for distillation, and producing the camphor gum itself was done by mechanical means. 1 Cryptothrips floridensis Watson; family Phloeothripidae, order Thysanoptera. 2 The present investigations were begun by C. A. Weigel, of the
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