Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . characters, the family stands much nearer the Arctiida than the Zygienidie, but yet is more generalized than the former. In the venation the group stands near the Arctiida, i. e., tbe venation of tbe generalized Cteuucba approxi-mates that of EpicalUa, virf/inalis, while in Didasys and Syntomis the venation is more aberrant and modified: so also are tbe long-tufted larv;e of Syntomis and Cosmosoma, compared with that of Cteuucba, in which tbe tufts are shorter, less developed, and less specialized. A clew to the origin of the (leometrid mothx.—In e
Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences . characters, the family stands much nearer the Arctiida than the Zygienidie, but yet is more generalized than the former. In the venation the group stands near the Arctiida, i. e., tbe venation of tbe generalized Cteuucba approxi-mates that of EpicalUa, virf/inalis, while in Didasys and Syntomis the venation is more aberrant and modified: so also are tbe long-tufted larv;e of Syntomis and Cosmosoma, compared with that of Cteuucba, in which tbe tufts are shorter, less developed, and less specialized. A clew to the origin of the (leometrid mothx.—In examining the pupa of Phn/f/auidia californicn, and tinding tbe more essential features to be as much like those of the geometrid moths as any other group, I came upon results entirely unexpected to myself and which give a clue to the origin of this great group of moths. It has become evident that Phryganidia can neither be placed among the Zygienicbe or Syntomicbe, though possessing some pterogostic features like those of the latter T\a. i&. — n( Phrygatiidia californica; a. aaus: 4, endof body, aide view, witb creuiaster. 80 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Another fact considered was tliat the hirva of Mcdanchroia {M. eephise and ^^. geometrokles),formerly associated with tlic Litliosiidie, lias been shown by Dewitz to be geonietrids. Auotlier isthe absence of a pair of legs in the Nolidas which I find must, by their pni)al and other characters,be regarded as a distinct family from the Lithosiidse. Still another fact is the couclusion I havearrived at that the Lithosiida; have almost directly descended from the Tineidre or from an extinctgroup closely allied to t1iem, and that from the Lithosiidie have arisen not only the DioptidiB,perhaps including Phryganidia, the Cyllopodids, and Hypsidie, but also the Syntonjidffi andNyctemerida% as well as the ArctiidiB. On reexamining the larva, pupa, and imago of Phryganidia (we have no knowledge of thetr
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