. Railway track and track work . of the tie-plate has a hooked lug on thebottom which passes through a hole in the tie, while on the upper surface isa hooked lug to hold the rail base. Only one bolt is required to each lail, andthis is on the inside. The ties are nearly 9 ft. long, and weigh 195 lbs. are spaced 30 ins. c. to c, or 12 ins. at rail joints. 64 TRACK. The Rendel steel tie, Fig. 28, is extensively used in India, South America andMexico for lines of 5 ft. 6 ins., 4 ft. 8^ ins. and 3 ft. 3f ins. gage. For the widestgage it is 9 ft. long, 4^ ins. wide on top, 8£ to 13 ins. w
. Railway track and track work . of the tie-plate has a hooked lug on thebottom which passes through a hole in the tie, while on the upper surface isa hooked lug to hold the rail base. Only one bolt is required to each lail, andthis is on the inside. The ties are nearly 9 ft. long, and weigh 195 lbs. are spaced 30 ins. c. to c, or 12 ins. at rail joints. 64 TRACK. The Rendel steel tie, Fig. 28, is extensively used in India, South America andMexico for lines of 5 ft. 6 ins., 4 ft. 8^ ins. and 3 ft. 3f ins. gage. For the widestgage it is 9 ft. long, 4^ ins. wide on top, 8£ to 13 ins. wide on the bottom and 4|to 5 ins. deep. The thickness is 13/32-in. on top and i-in. on the sides. Twolugs are stamped up at each rail seat, and a flat taper key is driven between therail base and each of the lugs. The tie weighs about 135 lbs., and the keys 1 The ties are usually laid about 3 ft. c. to c. Ties of this type on theMexican Southern Ry. after 12 years service appeared to be good for 12 years 5bbaq8 B; ki-a. si B-B Fig. 28.—Rendels Steel Tie; Indian State Railways. more. The engineer proposed, however, to use a U-bolt fastening in place of thelug and keys, the horizontal leg of the bolt lying inside the tie. Most of the steelties used in Europe are of inverted trough section. Concrete Ties. The extensive and varied applications of concrete within recent years have ledto numerous experiments with concrete ties, but with poor results as a rule. Ifsuccessful, they would have the advantage of enabling railways to make theirown ties. They are of varying designs and with varied systems of steel rein-forcement: old rails, rods, wire netting, boiler tubes, etc. In general the con-crete is cut by the rails, if laid directly upon it, and it also disintegrates andcracks. About 5,000 of the Buhrer ties have been used. These are of practicallyrectangular section, but wider at the base, and the reinforcement is a piece of oldrail placed inverted in the top of the tie,
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