. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 134 E. AUGSTEIN ET Fig. 4. Mean vertical profiles of temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) at the ships 'Planet', 'Discoverer', and 'Meteor' during ATEX. First period (): full lines; second period () dashed lines and without an inversion at 'Meteor1 dash-dotted lines. Horizontal bars at q mark the lifting condensation level. The dotted lines indicate the dry adiabatic and saturated adiabatic lapse rate, lower and upper part
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography 134 E. AUGSTEIN ET Fig. 4. Mean vertical profiles of temperature (T) and specific humidity (q) at the ships 'Planet', 'Discoverer', and 'Meteor' during ATEX. First period (): full lines; second period () dashed lines and without an inversion at 'Meteor1 dash-dotted lines. Horizontal bars at q mark the lifting condensation level. The dotted lines indicate the dry adiabatic and saturated adiabatic lapse rate, lower and upper part, respectively. height) with an adiabatic temperature gradient and a decrease of specific humidity with height which results in a slight statical instability. (b) The neutral stratified mixed layer, which may extend upward to about 940 mb, has also an adiabatic temperature lapse rate but a nearly constant vertical specific humidity distribution. (c) The overlying transition layer with an average thickness of 100 m, which is marked by a nearly isothermal temperature distribution and a strong upward decrease of moisture. Because the lifting condensation level of surface air parcels almost coincides with the top of the transition layer, it separates the regimes of cloud con- vection above from those of dry convection and mechanical mixing below. (d) The cloud layer, extending from the top of the transition layer to the base of the trade inversion, which is characterized by a temperature gradient slightly stronger than the moist adiabatic lapse rate and an upward weak decrease of specific humidity Thus, the density distribution is conditionally unstable. (e) The planetary boundary layer is topped by the trade inversion which has, a distinct increase of temperature and a steep decrease of specific humidity. Conse- quently, the air above the inversion is normally relatively warm and dry. In order to maintain the characteristic discontinuities which appear in the individual soundings
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