Insects injurious to fruits . t are low or im-perfectly drained, the insects sometimes continue their galleriesfrom four to six inches above ground, as shown in Fig. 26,leaving a place of egress at the surface, e, and in the upperend of these dry chambers the pupse patiently await the timefor their next change. This period, although an active one, is the pupal stage ofthe insects existence, and finally, when fully matured, theyissue from the ground (see a. Fig. 24), crawl up the trunkof a tree or any other object to which they can attach them-selves securely by their claws, and, having rested
Insects injurious to fruits . t are low or im-perfectly drained, the insects sometimes continue their galleriesfrom four to six inches above ground, as shown in Fig. 26,leaving a place of egress at the surface, e, and in the upperend of these dry chambers the pupse patiently await the timefor their next change. This period, although an active one, is the pupal stage ofthe insects existence, and finally, when fully matured, theyissue from the ground (see a. Fig. 24), crawl up the trunkof a tree or any other object to which they can attach them-selves securely by their claws, and, having rested awhile,prepare to cast their skins. After some struggling, a longi-tudinal rent is made on the back, and through this the en-closed cicada pushes its head, and then gradually withdrawsitself, leaving the empty pupa skin adhering, as shown at b inFig. 24. The escape from the pujia usually occurs between sixand nine in the evening, and about ten minutes are occupiedby the insect in entirely freeiug itself from the enclosure. At. ATTACKING THE BRANCHES. 39 first the body is soft and white, excepting a black patch onthe back, and the wings are small and soft, but within anhour are fully developed, and before morning the matureinsects are ready for flight. They sometimes issue from theground in immense numbers; above fifteen hundred havebeen known to arise beneath a single apple-tree, and in someplaces the whole surface of the soil has, by their operations,appeared almost as full of holes as a honey-comb. Remedies.—On escaping from the ground, they are attackedby various enemies. Birds and predaceous insects devourthem; hogs and poultry feed on them greedily; and in thewinged state they are also subject to the attacks of parasites. Itseems that human agency can effect but little in the way of stay-ing the progress of these invaders, and the only time when any-thing can be done is early in the morning, when the wingedinsects newly escaped and in a comparatively feeble and help-less
Size: 1530px × 1634px
Photo credit: © The Reading Room / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorsaunderswilliam183619, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880
