. Mediæval and modern history . l and moral realms,in the physical domain won-derful discoveries and inven-tions,— the steam railway, thesteamship, the telegraph, thetelephone, wireless telegraphy,the airship, and a hundredothers,— through the practicalannihilation of time and space,were drawing the once isolated nations close together, and thuswere making not only possible but increasingly necessary andinevitable international organization. 1 In 1903 the South American republics of Chile and Argentina, having happilysettled by arbitration a long-standing boundary controversy which threatened
. Mediæval and modern history . l and moral realms,in the physical domain won-derful discoveries and inven-tions,— the steam railway, thesteamship, the telegraph, thetelephone, wireless telegraphy,the airship, and a hundredothers,— through the practicalannihilation of time and space,were drawing the once isolated nations close together, and thuswere making not only possible but increasingly necessary andinevitable international organization. 1 In 1903 the South American republics of Chile and Argentina, having happilysettled by arbitration a long-standing boundary controversy which threatened to involvethe two countries in war, mutually bound themselves by treaty to reduce their militaryand naval armaments and for a stated period to submit every matter of dispute arisingbetween them to arbitration. Upon one of the highest boundary ranges of the Andesthe two nations have erected a colossal bronze statue of Christ as the sacred guardianof the peace to which they are pledged. The statue was unveiled March 13, Fig. 108. The Christ of the Andes.^ (From a photograph by Carolina Huidobro) 6i4 EVOLUTION TOWARD WORLD FEDERATION [§692 692. The First Hague Conference (i899). Even prior to theWorld War more had been accompHshed in the way of thecreation of the machinery of a World State than is generallyrealized. Just as the nineteenth century was closing the TsarNicholas surprised the world by proposing to all the governmentshaving representatives at the Russian court the meeting of aconference to consider means of insuring the general peace of theworld and of putting a limit to the progressive increase of arma-ments which weigh upon all nations. All the governments addressed, twenty-six in number, acceptedthe proposal and on the i8th of May, 1899, the Convention metin the famous House in the Woods at The Hague, in the Nether-lands. Owing to the opposition of Germany any action lookingtoward the general limitation of armaments was prevented.^ Butthe Convention did
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