. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Figure 8. Dorsal aspect of the branchial musculature. A, Ectodus descampsi, in which the dissection has been carried out in greater detail to show the precise insertions and origins of the muscles; B, Lestradea perspicax; C, Asprotilapia leptura; 0, Ophthalmotilapla boops. ized lineages of Lake Tanganyika, such as the herbivores (, Simochromis and Petrochromis), piscivores (Liem, 1978), scale eaters (Liem and Stewart, 1976) and invertebrate pickers (Liem, 1979). Sepa- ration of the palatine and the entoptery
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Figure 8. Dorsal aspect of the branchial musculature. A, Ectodus descampsi, in which the dissection has been carried out in greater detail to show the precise insertions and origins of the muscles; B, Lestradea perspicax; C, Asprotilapia leptura; 0, Ophthalmotilapla boops. ized lineages of Lake Tanganyika, such as the herbivores (, Simochromis and Petrochromis), piscivores (Liem, 1978), scale eaters (Liem and Stewart, 1976) and invertebrate pickers (Liem, 1979). Sepa- ration of the palatine and the entoptery- goid (Fig. 4:ent,p) is considered as a de- rived character state. This specialization also occurs in Xenotilapia (Liem and Osse, 1975), Aiilonocraniis, Callochro- mis, and Cardiopharynx indicating the possibility that these genera are related to the OA. However, on the basis of the present data it is impossible to ascertain that Xenotilapia, Aulonocranus, Calloch- romis, and Cardiopharynx are members of a sister lineage of the OA. The functional significance of the sep- aration of the entopterygoid from the pal- atine remains unclear, because no corre- lation can be found between this specialized feature and specializations in either the mobility and shape of the sus- pensorium and jaws, or the morphologi- cal characteristics of the adductor man- dibulae complex. A unique specialization of the OA can be found in the palatine bone (Fig. 4E,F:p). The dorsal margin and the ver- tically directed posterior border of the palatine meet at a 90° angle. Because the palatine is expanded in the region of this 90° angle, it has a characteristic shape when viewed laterally (Fig. 4:p). The 90° posterodorsal angle surmounting a pos- terodorsal expansion of the palatine is not found in any of the other Lake Tangan- yika cichlids and deviates from the con- dition in generalized cichlids (, Asta- totilapia burtoni, Liem and Osse, 1975; A. elegans, Barel et al., 1976). This uniquely spec
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