Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . ng with one pistillate flower, this reducedto a compound pistil, and also achlamydeous, or with an obsoletecalyx. But other genera have a regular calyx both to the staminateand pistillate flowers ; and a few are likewise provided with of two to nine more or less united carpels, coherent to a cen-tral prolongation of the axis : styles distinct, often two-cleft. Fruitmostly capsular, separating into its eleme
Introduction to structural and systematic botany, and vegetable physiology, : being a 5th and revedof the Botanical text-book, illustrated with over thirteen hundred woodcuts . ng with one pistillate flower, this reducedto a compound pistil, and also achlamydeous, or with an obsoletecalyx. But other genera have a regular calyx both to the staminateand pistillate flowers ; and a few are likewise provided with of two to nine more or less united carpels, coherent to a cen-tral prolongation of the axis : styles distinct, often two-cleft. Fruitmostly capsular, separating into its elementary carpels, or cocci(usually leaving a persistent axis) : these commonly open elastically FIG. 1136. Callitriche verna, about the natural size. 1137. Perfect flowers, A staminate and pistillate flower, magnified. 1139. The fruit. 1140. Cross-section ofthe fruit. 1141. Vertical section through the pericarp, seeds, and embryo. 472 ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. by one or both sutures. Seed with a large embryo in fleshy albu-men, suspended. — Ex. Euphorbia (Spurge), Croton, Buxus (theBox). Acrid and deleterious qualities pervade this large order,. chiefly resident in the milky juice. But the starchy accumulationsin the rhizoma, or underground portion of the stem, as in the Man-dioc or Cassava (Janipha Manihot) of tropical America, are per-fectly innocuous, when freed from the poisonous juice by washingand heating. The starch thus obtained is the Cassava, which, whengranulated, forms the Tapioca of commerce. The farinaceous albu-men of the seed is also innocent, and the fixed oil which it frequentlycontains is perfectly bland. But the oil procured by expressionabounds in the juices of the embryo and integuments of the seed, andpossesses more or less active properties. The seeds of Ricinus com-munis yield the Castor oil: and those of Croton Tiglium, and someother Indian species, yield the violently drastic Croton oil or Oil of FIG. 1142. Flowering branch o
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Keywords: ., bookauthorgra, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, booksubjectbotany
