. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. FRACTURES OF THE HORNS. 25 FRACTURES OF THE HORNS. Etiology. Fractures of the horns, hke fissures, are produced by violence, but of a more marked character. They are termed complete or incomplete, according as the entire thickness of the horn or only a portion of that thickness is involved. The fracture may affect either the terminal half or the basilar half; or, again, it may have its seat in the frontal bone below the origin of the horn core, in which case a flake of bone will be detached. Such fractures assume varying forms,
. Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine. Veterinary medicine. FRACTURES OF THE HORNS. 25 FRACTURES OF THE HORNS. Etiology. Fractures of the horns, hke fissures, are produced by violence, but of a more marked character. They are termed complete or incomplete, according as the entire thickness of the horn or only a portion of that thickness is involved. The fracture may affect either the terminal half or the basilar half; or, again, it may have its seat in the frontal bone below the origin of the horn core, in which case a flake of bone will be detached. Such fractures assume varying forms, and may either be deeply excavated, oblique, smooth, regular or dentated. Symptoms. The symptoms are extremely simple. They consist mainly in the mobility of the frac- tured end, and such phenomena as sensitiveness, hsemorrhage, etc. When the fracture extends to the frontal bone, crepitation may also be noted. Prognosis. The prognosis is not grave unless the fracture extends to the basilar half of the horn or affects the frontal bone. Treatment. (1.) If the fracture is confined to the horn core, it is only necessary to bring the frag- ments into regular apposition, after having removed the broken end of the horn itself. (2.) In treating a fracture affect- ing the middle portion of the horn or in treating animals destined for the butcher, the best method is to make a simple wound by dividing the parts with a saw below the fracture. This is a painful operation, neces- sitating anaesthesia, and requiring the animal to be cast or firmly fixed to a post or placed in a trevis. To diminish the painful stage of the opera- tion, it was formerly recommended to make a circular incision extending through the entire thickness of the horn proper, and then to remove with a fine, very sharp saw the portion of the horn core. This, however, is scarcely practicable, and it is much better to make a direct section. HpBmorrhage is checked with compresses, moistened with cold water, after which a dr
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