. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. 8 UNIV. OF N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 250 Small size of business is associated with a large requirement of man hours per acre. Farms having four acres of corn require about 80 man hours an acre to raise and ensile. This time demand is reduced to 51 man hours when 17 acres are raised. On hilly land the use of machinery is limited, which is reflected in a 77-hour labor requirement for an acre of corn compared to 57 hours on level land. On 45 per cent of the level farms studied tractors are used, on 60 per cent harvesters, and on 40 per cent
. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. 8 UNIV. OF N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 250 Small size of business is associated with a large requirement of man hours per acre. Farms having four acres of corn require about 80 man hours an acre to raise and ensile. This time demand is reduced to 51 man hours when 17 acres are raised. On hilly land the use of machinery is limited, which is reflected in a 77-hour labor requirement for an acre of corn compared to 57 hours on level land. On 45 per cent of the level farms studied tractors are used, on 60 per cent harvesters, and on 40 per cent two-row planters. Cutting and binding with a harvester accounts for a saving of 20 to 25 hours an acre. When a low loading rack is used in combination with tractor preparation, machine planting, and harvesting, the labor require- ment is 45 hours compared to 78 hours with horse preparation and hand methods. When hay is raked with a dump rake, stirred out by hand, bunched, loaded and pitched off by hand, the labor requirement is invariably high. If pitched on the wagon by hand, about 12 per cent of the labor of harvest- ing is saved by bunching with a dump rake. In mechanically equipped barns, unloading by hoist from the center is 14 per cent more efficient than unloading from either end. {Purnell Fund.) TIME STUDIES IN ORCHARDS Field work in a three-year study of orchard practices pursued on twelve representative southern New Hampshire apple farms is now complete. Each manager, a skilled man intimately acquainted with his job, reported to H. C. Woodworth and G. F. Potter the hours spent each day on each task. The orchard operations were classified under the following heads: Pruning, spraying, brush removal, fertilizing, cultivating, mowing, mulch- ing, thinning, propping, setting, protecting against rodents, and mis- cellaneous. Over a third of the 19,000 apple trees on the farms are between 11 and 15 years of age, and very few are more than 20 years old. To place the farms on
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