. Electric railway journal . ly reduced size andweight. All of the new low-floor motors, togetherwith the other recent designs of larger capacity,have been characterized by the use of interpoles toimprove commutation, as well as ventilation to in-crease capacity, these two features alone reducingmotor weights in the order of 30 per cent for a givenrating. At the same time the use of field controland non-rheostat control for four-motor equipmentshave become practical possibilities that are capableof saving some 10 per cent of the current normallyused in propelling a city car. Other exterior car
. Electric railway journal . ly reduced size andweight. All of the new low-floor motors, togetherwith the other recent designs of larger capacity,have been characterized by the use of interpoles toimprove commutation, as well as ventilation to in-crease capacity, these two features alone reducingmotor weights in the order of 30 per cent for a givenrating. At the same time the use of field controland non-rheostat control for four-motor equipmentshave become practical possibilities that are capableof saving some 10 per cent of the current normallyused in propelling a city car. Other exterior car equipment that may be classedas representative of modern tendencies appears inthe emergency feature for the now almost univer-sally used straight-air brake, and as a result of thepresence of air on so many city cars there has comethe pneumatically controlled door and even air-operated fenders and sanders. Truck design alsohas been affected to a considerable extent, at leastin regard to dimensions, by the introduction of the. Connecticut Companys Car for City and Eight Suburban Service September 30, 1916 ] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL [ 571 small wheel, and it might be said here in regard tothe latter that, within the past few years, therehas been displayed, first, a tendency toward theuse of the forged steel wheel and, later, a drift backto the use of cast iron. The same sort of a reversalof sentiment, but in a less definite form, appearsin connection with the radial-axle truck althoughthe four-wheeled car, in general, is unquestionablygrowing in popularity at the present time. In re-cent truck design, also, the built-up type of construc-tion, in which structural shapes are used in prefer-ence to forged members, is popular. In connection with equipment for car-body in-teriors the final establishment of the prepaymentsystem of fare collection three or four years agohas brought, first, the fare box which is found sovery generally on modern city cars, and second, thefully-inclosed ve
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